The Adjustment of Anterior Forebrain Pathway (AFP) to Birdsong Is Phased during Song Learning and Maintenance

Figure 6

Membrane voltages of neurons in HVC and Area X. Before the song, HVC_X neurons (a) and SN neuron (b) are in the polarization state while AF neurons oscillate at about 20 Hz (c). At 1.5 s, the first HVC_X neuron is stimulated with a DC of 15 mA to simulate AFP neural activity.

(a)

(b)

(c)