Applications of Acupuncture Therapy in Modulating the Plasticity of Neurodegenerative Disease and Depression: Do MicroRNA and Neurotrophin BDNF Shed Light on the Underlying Mechanism?

Table 2

Deregulated miRNAs and target genes of Parkinson and summary of related acupuncture literatures.

Study	Species/tissue	miRNA	Result/target genes
Deng et al. [59]	Cellular model	miR-494-3p	BDNF
Mellios et al. [61]	Prefrontal cortex	miR-30a-5p	BDNF
Li et al. [62]	Whole brain	miR-7	BDNF
Zhang et al. [63]	Cellular model	miR-210-3p	BDNF
Summary of related acupuncture literatures
Study	Species/tissue	Method/acupoint	Stimulation parameter	Result
Huang et al. [66]	Nigra	EA at LR3, GV16	100 Hz, 0.5 mA, 30 min	BDNF ↑
Yang et al. [67]	Nigra	EA at GV20, GV16	100 Hz, 1 mA, 30 min	BDNF ↑
Pak et al. [68]	Nigra and striatum	EA at GV20, GV14	2 Hz, 1 mA, 20 min	BDNF ↑
Feng et al. [69]	Whole brain	MA at chorea-tremble controlled zone	20 min/day	BDNF ↑
Zhang [70]	Nigra	EA at GV20, GV21	2 Hz/100 Hz, 1 V, 20 min	BDNF mRNA ↑
Wang [71]	Nigra and striatum	EA at EX-HN1, EX-HN5, CV12, ST25, LR3, HT7, SP6	20 Hz, 1 mA, 20 min	BDNF ↑
Sun et al. [72]	Midbrain and hippocampus	EA at GV20, GV14	0 Hz/100 Hz, 1 mA, 10 min→2 mA, 10 min→3 mA, 10 min	BDNF ↑
Liang et al. [73]	Nigra and ventral tegmental area	EA at GV20, GV14	2 Hz/100 Hz, 30 min; 1 mA, 10 min→2 mA, 10 min→3 mA, 10 min	BDNF mRNA ↑, BDNF ↑
Liu [75]	Striatum	MA at GB34, LR3	2 Hz, 1 mA, 20 min	miR-124 ↑

MA: manual acupuncture; EA: electroacupuncture.