Impact of Experimental Tonic Pain on Corrective Motor Responses to Mechanical Perturbations

Figure 6

Association between pain intensity and the pain-induced changes in SL, LL, and EV responses () for biceps and triceps muscles. These changes were calculated as the difference between normalized corrective responses during the Pain session and during the No pain session for each participant. Positive values showed an increase in muscle responses during the Pain session whereas negative values showed a decrease in muscle responses during the Pain session compared to the No pain session. Participants verbally rated pain intensity using a numeric pain rating scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable).