Reproduction-Associated Hormones and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Figure 3

Genomic and nongenomic mechanisms underlying the regulatory effects of estrogen on neurogenesis. Classical receptors, ERα and ERβ, are located in the cytoplasm or nucleus and induce genomic effects when combined with estradiol. Membrane-associated receptors, GPER, mGluR, and NMDA, are localized in the plasma membrane of neurons (e.g., tether proteins on cell membranes) and trigger rapid nongenomic effects primarily through kinase activation. Abbreviations: E2: estradiol; ER: estrogen receptor; mGluR: metabotropic glutamate receptor; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartate; GPER: G protein-coupled estrogen receptor.