Studies Country Sample Age Duration (h/d/w/m) Modality Intervention length Stimulation Outcomes Kumar et al., 2011 [17 ] United States 7/7 tDCS 10 d Pharyngeal motor cortex of the unaffected side, 2 mA DOSS Shigematsu et al., 2013 [18 ] Japan 10/10 tDCS 10 d Pharyngeal motor cortex of the affected side, 1 mA DOSS Ahn et al., 2017 [19 ] Korea 13/13 tDCS 2 w Bilaterally pharyngeal motor cortices, 1 mA DOSS Pingue et al., 2018 [20 ] Italy 8/12 2 (m) tDCS 10 d Pharyngeal motor cortex of the affected side, 2 mA DOSS, PAS An, 2018 [21 ] China 32/32 tDCS 2 w Pharyngeal motor cortex of the unaffected side,2 mA DOSS, SSA Li et al., 2020 [22 ] China 23/24 tDCS 3 w Bilaterally pharyngeal motor cortices,1.4 mA SSA Mao et al., 2020 [23 ] China 20/20 tDCS 8 w Pharyngeal motor cortex of the unaffected side, 1.6 mA DOSS, FDS Park et al., 2013 [24 ] Korea 9/9 rTMS 2 w Pharyngeal motor cortex of the unaffected side, 5 Hz PAS Lim et al., 2014 [25 ] Korea 14/15 rTMS 2 w Pharyngeal motor cortex of the unaffected side, 1 Hz PAS, FDS Zheng et al., 2017 [26 ] China 45/45 rTMS 20 d From the anterolateral cortex of the skull to the front of the primary motor area, the lowest part of the anterior central gyrus, and the back part of the inferior frontal gyrus, 5 Hz SSA, WST Ünlüer et al., 2019[27 ] Turkey 15/13 rTMS 1 w Corresponding cortex area of suprahyoid muscle of the unaffected side, 1 Hz PAS Cai et al., 2019[28 ] China 20/20 rTMS 2 w Bilateral corresponding cortex area of suprahyoid muscle, 10 Hz SSA Ou et al., 2019[29 ] China 20/20 rTMS 2 w Corresponding cortex area of suprahyoid muscle of the unaffected side, 5 Hz SSA, PAS Jiao et al., 2019[30 ] China 30/30 rTMS 4 w From the anterolateral cortex of the skull to the front of the primary motor area, the lowest part of the anterior central gyrus, and the back part of the inferior frontal gyrus, 3 Hz DOSS, PAS Jiao et al., 2020[31 ] China 20/20 rTMS 2 w From the anterolateral cortex of the skull to the front of the primary motor area, the lowest part of the anterior central gyrus, and the back part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the affected side, 3 Hz DOSS Fang et al., 2020[32 ] China 30/30 Not given rTMS 2 w Pharyngeal motor cortex of the unaffected side, 5 Hz SSA, WST Zhang et al., 2020[33 ] China 14/15 rTMS 2 w Corresponding cortex area of suprahyoid muscle of the unaffected side, 5 Hz PAS, FDS Zhong et al., 2021[34 ] China 38/35 rTMS 2 w Corresponding cortex area of suprahyoid muscle of the affected side, 5 Hz SSA, PAS
