|
| Class | Gene name | Variations | Function |
|
| Oxidative stress | NOX3 | NADPH oxidase-3 | rs33652818 [165] | Generation of superoxide (O2ā
-) |
| CAT | Catalase | rs7943316 [162, 163] | Hydrogen peroxide decomposition |
| GSTM1 | Glutathione S-transferase mu 1 | Null [167, 168] | GSH metabolism |
| GSTP1 | Glutathione S-transferase pi 1 | Ile (105)/Ile (105) [167, 168] | GSH metabolism |
| GSTT1 | Glutathione S-transferase theta 1 | Null [167, 168] | GSH metabolism |
| NFL2E2 | Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 | rs6726395
rs77684420 [164] | Transcriptional factor regulating various antioxidative protein expression |
| HSPA1L | Heat shock protein family A member 1 like | rs2227956 [166] | Antioxidative protein stabilizer |
| PON2 | Paraoxonase 2 | S311C [71] | Antioxidative protein |
| SOD2 | Superoxide dismutase 2 | IVS3-23T/G
IVS3-60T/G [71] | Catalyzing the destruction of free radical |
|
| Apoptosis | CASP3 | Caspase3 | rs1049216
rs6948 [171] | Intracellular apoptosis promoter |
|
| DNA methylation | DNMT1 | DNA methyltransferase 1 | rs2228611 [186] | DNA methylation |
| DNMT3A | DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha | rs749131 [186] | DNA methylation |
|
| Gap junction | GJB1 | Gap junction protein beta1 | rs1997625 [176] | Gap junction channels |
| GJB2 | Gap junction protein beta2 | rs3751385 [162, 176] | Gap junction channels |
| GJB4 | Gap junction protein beta4 | rs755931 [176] | Gap junction channels |
|
| DNA repair | APE1 | Apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxy-ribonuclease 1 | T1349G
T656G [169] | Encoding the endonuclease, a DNA repair enzyme |
| OGG1 | 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase | Ser326Cys [170] | DNA repair enzyme |
|
| Ion channels | KCNMA1 | Potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha1 | rs696211 [177] | Ca2+-activated K+ channel |
| KCNE1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 1 | rs2070358
rs1805128 [175, 176] | K+ channel |
| KCNJ10 | Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 10 | rs1130183 [176] | K+ channel |
| KCNQ1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 | rs7945327
rs11022922
rs718579
rs163171
rs2056892 [175, 176] | K+ channel |
| KCNQ4 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 4 | rs4660468 [175] | K+ channel |
|
| Stereocilia structure | PCDH15 | Protocadherin related 15 | rs11004085
rs7095441 [179] | Encoding cadherin for the integrity of stereocilia, especially tip-link |
| CDH23 | Cadherin 23 | rs3752752 [180] | Encoding cadherin for the integrity of stereocilia, especially tip-link |
| MYH14 | Myosin heavy chain 14 | rs667907
rs588035 [179] | Might contribute to tip-link integrity |
|
| Others | EYA4 | EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 4 | rs3813346 [187] | Multifunctional transcriptional factor |
| FOXO3 | Forkhead box O3 | rs2802292
rs3777781
rs212769 [188] | Multifunctional transcriptional factor |
| GRHL2 | Grainyhead-like 2 | rs611419 [189, 190] | Multifunctional transcriptional factor |
| HOTAIR | HOX transcript antisense RNA | rs4759314 [191] | Regulatory lncRNA |
| MYO1A | Myosin 1a | rs1552245 [177] | Actin-based molecular motors |
| NOTCH1 | Notch receptor 1 | rs3124594
rs3124603 [192] | Notch signaling transduction |
| NCL | Nucleolin | rs7598759 [193] | Ribosome biogenesis |
| P2RX2 | Purinergic receptor P2X2 | V60L [183] | Purinergic signaling transduction |
| AUTS2 | Autism susceptibility candidate 2 | rs35075890 [185] | Multifunctions |
| PTPRN2 | Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type N2 | rs10081191 [184] | Multifunctions |
|
