Neural Plasticity

Research Article

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the Left Dorsal Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Table 2

Clinical assessments for each group before and after treatment ().


Group	Real tDCS			Sham tDCS
Group	Pretreatment	Posttreatment	Difference (pre-post)	Pretreatment	Posttreatment	Difference (pre-post)

CARS total score
ABC total score
RBS-R total score
ABC-irritability⁺
ABC-social withdrawal
ABC-stereotypic behavior
ABC-hyperactivity
ABC-inappropriate
RBS-R-stereotyped
RBS-R-self-injurious
RBS-R-compulsive
RBS-R-routine
RBS-R-sameness
RBS-R-restricted
CSHQ⁺
CARS-relationship to people
CARS-imitation
CARS-emotion response
CARS-body use
CARS-object use
CARS-adaptation to use
CARS-visual response
CARS-listening response
CARS-taste, small, touch, response and use
CARS-fear and nervousness
CARS-verbal communication
CARS-nonverbal communication
CARS-activity level
CARS-level and consistency of intellectual response
CARS-general impressions⁺

For CARS and CARS 15 separate items, there are 20 subjects in each group. For ABC, RBS-R, and CSHQ score and subscores, there are 20 subjects in the real tDCS group and 17 subjects in the sham tDCS group. indicates a significant difference before and after treatment (within group, ); + indicates a significant difference on pre- and posttreatment changes between the real and sham tDCS groups (between group, ).