Ketamine Induces Lasting Antidepressant Effects by Modulating the NMDAR/CaMKII-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in Depressive Stroke Model

Figure 5

Effects of ketamine on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal DG region of depressive-like MCAO rats. (a) Representative transmission electron microscopy images of synapses in the hippocampal DG region of various study groups at two different time points (10000x and 80000x) ( rats). Scale bars: 1 μm and 0.1 μm, respectively. (b) The NR2A/NR2B ratio between different groups at different time points. (c) Comparison of the average width of synaptic cleft after ketamine administration. (d) Comparison of the average length of postsynaptic density between groups after treatment. (e) Comparison of the thickness of postsynaptic density between various groups one day and two weeks after treatment. (f) Comparison of the relative synaptic density between groups. 1 hr: 1 hour, 2 hrs: 2 hours, 4 hrs: 4 hours, and 24 hrs: 24 hours; PSD: postsynaptic density. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. per group. , , , and .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)