Review Article
The Efficacy and Predictors of Using GPi-DBS to Treat Early-Onset Dystonia: An Individual Patient Analysis
Table 1
Demographic characteristic, baseline dystonia severity, and programming parameters.
| | All patients () | DYT-6 () | DYT-11 () | DYT-1 () | Unknown () | DYT-6 and DYT-11 | DYT-6 and DYT-1 | DYT-11 and DYT-1 |
| | Male/female/unknown | 110/98/26 | 16/11/0 | 15/15/2 | 43/50/8 | 36/22/13 | 0.263 | 0.075 | 0.640 | | Age at symptom onset (years), mean/median (range) | 8.9/8 (0-25) | 9.4/8 (3-25) | 7.7/5.5 (0.5-25) | 9.1/8 (1-24) | 8.9/8 (0-25) | 0.277 | 0.752 | 0.254 | | Age at surgery (years), mean/median (range) | 24.3/19 (5.3-72) | 22.8/20 (8-48) | 29.5/27.5 (8-72) | 21.5/17 (5.3-65.5) | 26.4/22 (7-64) | 0.065 | 0.626 | 0.005 | | Disease duration before surgery (years), mean/median (range) | 15.4/11 (0.5-66) | 13.4/11 (2-39) | 21.7/18.3 (2-66) | 12.4/7 (1-56.5) | 17.5/12 (0.5-58) | 0.015 | 0.670 | ≤0.001 | | Intraoperative microelectrode recording used (yes/no/not reported) | 120/21/93 | 10/4/13 | 13/3/16 | 59/7/35 | 38/7/29 | 0.960 | 0.079 | 0.084 | | Baseline BFMDRS-M (/120), mean/median (range) | 49.3/47.5 (4-130) | 49.5/44 (16-89) | 23.9/18.8 (4-75) | 49.8/50 (16.5-107) | 58.9/58 (11-130) | ≤0.001 | 0.941 | ≤0.001 | | Postoperative BFMDRS-M (/120), mean/median (range) | 20.9/14 (0-94.5) | 24.7/18 (3-69.6) | 7.0/5 (0-21.5) | 15.4/9 (0-94.5) | 33.5/33 (0-87) | ≤0.001 | 0.027 | ≤0.001 | | Mean change rate (%) of BFMDRS-M (range) | 60.6 (-33.8-100) | 52.0 (-2.5-92.7) | 68.7 (13.2-100) | 71.8 (4.1-100) | 44.4 (-33.8-100) | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.545 | | Baseline BFMDRS-D (/30), mean/median (range) | 14.7/14 (3-30) | 11.2/9.5 (3-21) | 8.7/7.5 (5-18) | 15.7/14.5 (6-29) | 17.8/18 (7-30) | 0.458 | 0.199 | ≤0.001 | | Postoperative BFMDRS-D (/30), mean/median (range) | 6.9/4 (0-29) | 6.2/4.5 (1-18) | 1.8/2 (0-6) | 6.1/4 (0-25) | 11.3/10 (2-29) | 0.150 | 0.976 | 0.001 | | Mean change rate (%) of BFMDRS-D (range) | 57.5 (0-100) | 46.7 (14.3-88.9) | 78.3 (25-100) | 63.1 (0-100) | 38.9 (0-86.7) | 0.010 | 0.230 | 0.086 | | Length of follow-up (months), median (range) | 12 (1-196) | 13 (2-196) | 9 (1-20) | 12 (1-102) | 12 (5-50) | 0.003 | 0.010 | 0.061 | | Mean DBS programming parameters±SD | | | | | | | | | | Voltage(V) Rt | | | | | | 0.498 | 0.700 | 0.326 | | Voltage(V) Lt | | | | | | 0.819 | 0.659 | 0.493 | | PW (μs) Rt | | | | | | 0.755 | 0.161 | 0.052 | | PW (μs) Lt | | | | | | 0.755 | 0.188 | 0.065 | | Frequency (Hz) Rt | | | | | | 0.639 | 0.363 | 0.732 | | Frequency (Hz) Lt | | | | | | 0.639 | 0.363 | 0.732 |
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BFMDRS-M: Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale-movement component; BFMDRS-D: Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale-disability component.
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