The Neuroinflammatory Response in ALS: The Roles of Microglia and T Cells

Table 1

Macrophage activation programs can be distinguished by the associated release of cytokines, arginine metabolism, secreted release of mediators, and antigenicity.

	M1	M2
Cytokines released	TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23	IL-10, IL-4, IL-13, TGF-β
Arginine metabolism	iNOS → NO	arginase 1→ L-ornithine
Other secreted mediators	NO, ROS	Neurotrophics (GDNF, IGF-1)
Antigenicity	IL-1R, CCR7	IL-1Ra, CD150, CD14, CD163