Cognitive Functions across the GNB3 C825T Polymorphism in an Elderly Italian Population

Table 1

General characteristics of the study cohort. Mean ± standard deviations are provided for continuous variables.

Items		C825T polymorphism of GNB3 gene
	All subjects (𝑛=220)	CC subjects (𝑛=109)	CT subjects (𝑛=69)	TT subjects (𝑛=42)
Age (years)	73.2±7.7	64.2±9.2	64.9±11.1	60.1±8.7^∗
Males (%)	44.4	44.1	37.9	43.8
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.6±3.4	26.9±3.3	27.0±3.7	27.1±4.4
LVMI (kg/m^2)	119.7±29.9	124.5±36.2	126.7±33.6	117.4±36.0
LVH (%)	59.9	55.2	62.5	50.0
SBP (mmHg)	159.8±21.7	159.9±24.0	162.1±22.1	152.8±24.5
DBP (mmHg)	90.0±10.6	89.7±10.6	89.5±9.7	88.6±10.2
Heart rate (bpm)	68.1±9.6	69.2±9.8	67.0±8.5	68.6±10.7
Coronary artery disease (%)	31.6	37.1	28.6	22.2
Haematocrit (%)	41.7±3.4	41.8±3.4	41.0±3.4	41.4±3.7
Sedimentation rate (mm/h)	11.8±9.7	11.7±10.3	11.0±8.0	12.3±8.8
Blood glucose (mg/dL)	104.2±18.5	103.4±15.5	100.8±16.4	107.9±35.3
Serum uric acid (mg/dL)	4.9±1.3	5.0±1.2	4.7±1.2	4.9±1.4
LDL-C (mg/dL)	159.1±37.1	158.7±37.1	157.9±33.7	158.2±36.5
HDL-C (mg/dL)	46.9±10.7	45.9±11.1	47.3±10.7	45.2±11.5
TG (mg/dL)	119.7±64.4	115.3±61.9	114.7±59.0	128.5±61.2
Circulating cortisol (μg/dL)	18.2±4.9	18.3±4.8	17.7±4.5	18.7±5.1
Circulating T3 (ng/dL)	116.3±22.5	113.5±21.2	110.4±20.8	118.0±26.5
Circulating T4 (μg/dL)	8.5±1.6	8.7±2.0	8.4±1.6	8.6±1.8
Plasma TSH (mlU/L)	1.8±1.5	1.9±1.9	1.8±1.4	1.5±0.8
Circulating insulin (μU/mL)	7.7±5.7	7.6±6.1	7.5±4.9	8.6±5.6
HOMA-R	2.0±1.7	20±1.8	2.0±1.6	2.3±1.8
Apolipoprotein B/A ratio	0.8±0.2	0.7±0.2	0.7±0.2	0.8±0.2
Education (years of school)	6.8±2.9	6.1±2.5	6.4±2.8	6.3±3.0
Hip-to-waist ratio	0.9±0.1	0.9±0.1	0.9±0.1	0.9±0.1

HOMA-R: homeostasis model assessment index; BMI: body mass index; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; SBP and DBP: systolic and diastolic blood pressure; LDL-C and HDL-C: low-density and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, TSH: thyrotropin-stimulating hormone; HOMA: homeostasis model assessment. ^∗𝑃 < 0.02 TT versus the other two polymorphisms.