Comparison of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy and Open Lumbar Surgery for Adjacent Segment Degeneration and Recurrent Disc Herniation

Figure 1

An illustrative patient who received open lumbar surgery at L4-5 level with adjacent segment degeneration at L3-4 level. (a) A lateral plain radiograph taken preoperatively showing previous internal fixation at L4-5 level. (b) Preoperative sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan showing adjacent segment degeneration at L3-4 level.

(a)

(b)