Neuropsychiatric Involvement in Juvenile-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Table 2

Frequency of the observed neuropsychiatric manifestations of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) compared with international studies.

Neuropsychiatric manifestations of JSLE	Present study N= 146	Parikh (1995) [4]; N= 108	Sibbitt (2002) [6]; N= 130	Yancey (1981) [7]; N= 37	Steinlin (1995) [8]; N= 91	Menunier (2004) [12]; N= 155	Singh (2009) [13]; N= 53	Quintero (2000) [14]; N= 86	Olfat (2004)[15]; N= 90	Gheith (2017)[16]; N= 78	Turkel (2001) [17]; N= 10	Zambran (2014) [18]; N= 90
Country	Iran	USA	USA	USA	Canada	France	India	USA	Saudi Arabia	Egypt	USA	Colombia
Prevalence (%)	28.1	23.1	95	43.2	44	17	50.9	28	22.2	23.1	100	33.3
Headache	13	14.8	72	18.9	9.8	59.2	36.9	18.6	12.2	3.8	20	36
Seizure disorder	9.5	4.6	51	13.5	6.5	22.2	35.9	13.9	11.1	2.56	70	50
Mood disorders	5.4	8.3	57	16.2	-	29.6	9.4	-	11.1	7.69	100	36
Psychosis	2.1	0.9	12	8.1	12.08	-	9.4	-	-	-	70	-
Movement disorder	3.4	3.7	7	-	1.09	3.7	5.6	-	4.4	2.3	-	-
Loss of consciousness	2.7	-	35	5.4	-	-	17	4.6	5.5	2.56	-	-
Cranial nerve involvement	0.7	2.7	-	8.1	-	-	1.8	4.6	2.2	-	20	-
cerebrovascular disease	5.3	-	12	-	6.5	11.1	11.3	-	6.6	6.9	-	26
Pseudotumor cerebri	1.4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.4	-	-
Peripheral neuropathy	0.7	-	15	2.7	-	-	5.6	-	-	1.28	20	13
Aseptic meningitis	0.7	-	1	-	1.09	-	3.7	-	-	-	-	-
Palsy	2.1	1.8	-	8.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Plegia	1.4	3.7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Spasticity	0.7	0.9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-