Screening of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Patients with Epilepsy: Using a Valid and Reliable Indonesian Version of Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)
Table 6
Clinical characteristics and their relations to GAD (with GAD-7).
Presence of GAD
Variables
Yes
No
p
OR
95% confidence interval
n (%) / Median (min-max)
n (%) / Median (min-max)
Lower-Upper
Age (years)
36 (18-67)
36 (18-77)
0.812
Age of Onset (years)
18 (1-62)
16 (1-74)
0.558
Epilepsy Duration (years)
11 (0.5-44)
11 (0.5-55)
0.811
Seizure Frequency in the last 3 months
1 (0-46)
1 (0-52)
0.331
Gender
(i) Female
20 (29.9)
47 (70.1)
0.922
1.036
0.507 – 2.115
(ii) Male
23 (29.1)
56 (70.9)
Education
(i) High School Graduate
32 (29.4)
77 (70.6)
0.966
0.982
0.434 – 2.223
(ii) Not High School Graduate
11 (29.7)
26 (70.3)
Employment
(i) Employed
15 (24.2)
47 (75.8)
0.231
0.638
0.305 – 1.334
(ii) Unemployed
28 (33.3)
56 (66.7)
Marital Status
(i) Married
21 (30.0)
49 (70.0)
0.889
1.052
0.516 – 2.144
(ii) Unmarried
22 (28.9)
54 (71.1)
Seizure Type
(i) Focal Onset
41 (28.7)
102 (71.3)
0.207ǂ
4.976
0.439 – 56.385
(ii) Generalized Onset
2 (66.7)
1 (33.3)
Seizure Focus
(i) Right
17 (27.9)
44 (72.1)
0.551
1.221
0.586 – 2.545
(ii) Left
18 (30.0)
42 (70.0)
1.018
0.490 – 2.116
(iii) Focal Bilateral
5 (33.3)
10 (66.7)
0.851
0.272 – 2.661
(iv) General
2 (66.7)
1 (33.3)
0.208
0.018 – 2.363
(v) No Data
1 (14.3)
6 (85.7)
Epilepsy Syndrome
(i) Temporal
26 (27.1)
70 (72.9)
0.262
1.595
0.743 – 3.428
(ii) Extratemporal
14 (35.0)
26 (65.0)
0.732
0.335 – 1.603
(iii) General
2 (66.7)
1 (33.3)
0.208
0.0.18 – 2.363
(iv) No Data
1 (14.3)
6 (85.7)
Epilepsy etiology
(i) Genetic
2 (66.7)
1 (33.3)
0.272
0.201
0.018 – 2.278
(ii) Unknown Etiology
16 (25.4)
47 (74.6)
1.416
0.683 – 2.939
(iii) Structural
25 (31.3)
55 (68.7)
0.825
0.402 – 1.693
Hippocampal sclerosis/atrophy
10 (27.0)
27 (73.0)
0.450
1.446
0.554 – 3.774
Other structural abnormalities
15 (34.9)
28 (65.1)
Number of AED
(i) Polytherapy
15 (29.4)
36 (70.6)
0.994
0.997
0.473 – 2.103
(ii) Monotherapy
28 (29.5)
67 (70.5)
Type of AED
(i) Valproate
15 (35.7)
27(64.3)
0.291
1.435
0.669-3.077
(ii) Carbamazepine
10 (21.7)
36 (78.3)
0.166
0.564
0.250 – 1.274
(iii) Levetiracetam
2 (20.0)
8 (80.0)
0.724ǂ
0.579
0.118 – 2.847
(iv) Phenytoin
15 (34.9)
28 (65.1)
0.352
1.435
0.669 – 3.077
(v) Clobazam
7 (22.6)
24 (77.4)
0.344
0.64
0.253 – 1.622
(vi) Phenobarbital
11 (35.5)
20 (64.5)
0.406
1.427
0.615 – 3.308
(vii) Clonazepam
0 (0)
1 (100)
1ǂ
0.703
0.633 – 0.782
(viii) Lamotrigine
0 (0)
1 (100)
1ǂ
0.703
0.633 – 0.782
(ix) Topiramate
1 (50)
1 (50)
0.504ǂ
2.429
0.148 – 39.738
Mann-Whitney ǂFisher’s exact test Pearson Chi-square Kruskal-Wallis
