HMGB1 is a Potential Mediator of Astrocytic TLR4 Signaling Activation following Acute and Chronic Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Figure 2

Increased expression of TLR4 and iNOS in penumbral astrocytes during acute focal cerebral ischemia. (a) Upregulation of TLR4 expression in penumbral astrocytes during acute focal cerebral ischemia, 48 hours following MCAO (n = 5). Coronal brain sections immunolabeled for GFAP (green) and TLR4 (red), in penumbral astrocytes (merged), in the ipsilateral ischemic hemisphere (upper panel). Brain sections immunolabeled with GFAP (green) and TLR4 (red) in cortical astrocytes (merged) in the contralateral hemisphere. (b) Upregulation of iNOS expression in penumbral astrocytes during acute focal cerebral ischemia (n = 5). Brain sections immunolabeled for GFAP (green) and iNOS (red), in penumbral astrocytes (merged), in the ipsilateral ischemic hemisphere (top panel). GFAP expression (green) and iNOS expression (red) in cortical astrocytes (merged) in the contralateral hemisphere (lower panel). Scale bar = 50 μm.

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