HMGB1 is a Potential Mediator of Astrocytic TLR4 Signaling Activation following Acute and Chronic Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Figure 6

HMGB1-mediated amplification of TLR4 signaling in astrocytes. Schematic showing HMGB1-mediated increase in astrocyte TLR4 expression. Release of danger-associated molecular patterns, including HMGB1 from dead or dying components of the neurovascular unit, following focal cerebral ischemia leads to increased astrocyte TLR4 expression. HMGB1-mediated astrocyte signaling is a potential method of amplification of tissue damage in focal cerebral ischemia.