Structural Equation Modeling of Parkinson’s Caregiver Social Support, Resilience, and Mental Health: A Strength-Based Perspective
Table 1
Characteristics of PD caregivers and IWPDs.
Demographic variable
Mexico
US
Overall
CG age, years, mean (SD)
53.66 (14.96)
68.73 (8.36)
59.92 (14.68)
Patient age, years, mean (SD)
65.68 (10.78)
71.61 (8.13)
68.14 (10.18)
CG gender
Man
35 (23.6%)
33 (31.4%)
26.9%
Woman
113 (76.4%)
72 (68.6%)
73.1%
Patient gender
Man
77 (52%)
68 (64.8%)
57.3%
Woman
71 (48%)
37 (35.2%)
42.7%
Relationship to patient
Spouse/significant other
76 (51.4%)
98 (93.3%)
68.8%
Parent
51 (34.5%)
4 (3.8%)
21.7%
Friend
1 (0.7%)
2 (1.9%)
1.2%
Sibling
11 (7.4%)
0
4.3%
Cousin
1 (0.7%)
0
0.4%
Aunt/uncle
2 (1.4%)
1 (1%)
1.2%
Other
6 (4.1%)
0
2.4%
CG race/ethnicity
Latino/Hispanic
148 (100%)
0
58.5%
White/European (non-Latino)
0
97 (92.4%)
38.3%
Asian/Asian American/Pacific
0
3 (2.9%)
1.2%
Black/African American (non-Latino)
0
3 (2.9%)
1.2%
Multiracial/multiethnic
0
1 (1%)
0.4%
Other
0
1 (1%)
0.4%
CG highest completed education level
Doctorate degree
0
8 (7.6%)
3.2%
Master’s degree
3 (2%)
23 (21.9%)
10.3%
4-year college degree
24 (16.2%)
35 (33.3%)
23.3%
2-year/technical college degree
20 (13.5%)
12 (11.4%)
12.6%
High school/GED
8 (5.4%)
27 (25.7%)
13.8%
Elementary school
86 (58.1%)
0
34.0%
No formal schooling
7 (4.7%)
0
2.8%
CG employment status
Full-time
18 (12.2%)
17 (16.2%)
13.8%
Part-time
42 (28.4%)
9 (8.6%)
20.2%
Unemployed
33 (22.3%)
6 (5.7%)
15.4%
Retired
9 (6.1%)
68 (64.8%)
30.4%
Student
1 (0.7%)
0
0.4%
Homemaker (Mexico only)
21 (14.2%)
0
8.3%
Other
24 (16.2%)
5 (4.8%)
11.5%
CG social class
Upper
1 (0.7%)
3 (2.9%)
1.6%
Upper-middle
33 (22.3%)
67 (63.8%)
39.5%
Lower-middle
55 (37.2%)
25 (23.8%)
31.6%
Working
36 (24.3%)
10 (9.5%)
18.2%
Lower
23 (15.5%)
0
9.1%
Hours of care per week, mean (SD)
107.38 (61.34)
59.37 (64.56)
87.92 (66.85)
Months as a CG, mean (SD)
52.38 (49.22)
46.78 (81.33)
50.12 (64.04)
Months since PD diagnosis, mean (SD)
63.22 (60.88)
92.25 (82.84)
75.32 (72.14)
CG = caregiver. For caregiver social class, participants were presented these exact options to select rather than a specific US dollar or Mexican peso amount in order to account for potential differences in buying power for the equivalent monetary amount in each country.
