Current End-of-Life Care Needs and Care Practices in Acute Care Hospitals

Table 1

Comparative patient characteristics and EOL care findings.

	*Diagnosis: (i) Ca; (ii) Cv; (iii) Resp; (iv) AO	Age: (i) 0–64 years; (ii) 65+ years	Gender: (i) Male; (ii) Female	Marital status: (i) Married; (ii) Not married	Residence: (i) Urban; (ii) Suburban; (iii) Rural
Had CPR performed during hospital stay	Ca: 1.6%; Cv: 44.0%; Resp: 4.7%; AO: 9.9%; *𝜒^2=242.25,; df=3, 𝑃=.000	Younger: 18.4%; Older: 12.1%; *𝜒^2=6.58,; df=1, 𝑃=.010	Male: 17.5%; Female: 9.7%; *𝜒^2=13.15,; df=1, 𝑃=.000	Married: 14.6%; Not: 13.0%; 𝜒^2=0.59,; df=1, 𝑃=.444	Urban: 12.4%; Suburb: 10.2%; Rural: 33.3%; *𝜒^2=28.85,; df=2, 𝑃=.000
Had CPR performed immediately prior to death	Ca: 1.6%; Cv: 44.0%; Resp: 4.7%; AO: 9.9%; *𝜒^2=242.25,; df=3, 𝑃=.000	Younger: 18.4%; Older: 12.1%; *𝜒^2=6.58,; df=1, 𝑃=.010	Male: 17.5%; Female: 9.7%; *𝜒^2=13.15,; df=1, 𝑃=.000	Married: 14.6%; Not: 13.0%; 𝜒^2=0.59,; df=1, 𝑃=.444	Urban: 12.4%; Suburb: 10.2%; Rural: 33.3%; *𝜒^2=28.85,; df=2, 𝑃=.000
Had CCU care	Ca: 3.0%; Cv: 29.2%; Resp: 21.5%; AO: 21.4%; * 𝜒^2=83.45,; df=3, 𝑃=.000	Younger: 20.7%; Older: 15.0%; *𝜒^2=4.52,; df=1, 𝑃=.034	Male: 19.2%; Female: 13.6%; *𝜒^2=5.83,; df=1, 𝑃=.016	Married: 15.9%; Not: 17.0%; 𝜒^2=0.22,; df=1, 𝑃=.636	Urban: 13.2%; Suburb: 20.3%; Rural: 43.2%; *𝜒^2=49.47,; df=2, 𝑃=.000
Had PCU care	Ca: 53.9%; Cv: 2.6%; Resp: 2.6%; AO: 4.5%; * 𝜒^2=356.13,; df=3, 𝑃=.000	Younger: 39.0%; Older: 15.5%; *𝜒^2=63.88,; df=1, 𝑃=.000	Male: 20.5%; Female: 22.9%; 𝜒^2=.832,; df=1, 𝑃=.362	Married: 27.2%; Not: 16.7%; *𝜒^2=16.35,; df=1, 𝑃=.000	Urban: 21.1%; Suburb: 29.7%; Rural: 14.8%; *𝜒^2=7.27,; df=2, 𝑃=.026
Had palliative care; referral	Ca: 55.8%; Cv: 6.0%; Resp: 10.6%; AO: 9.4%; *𝜒^2=276.49,; df=3, 𝑃=.000	Younger: 35.2%; Older: 22.3%; *𝜒^2=17.09,; df=1, 𝑃=.000	Male: 25.3%; Female: 26.2%; 𝜒^2=0.11,; df=1, 𝑃=.742	Married: 30.4%; Not: 21.6%; *𝜒^2=10.34,; df=1, 𝑃=.001	Urban: 23.9%; Suburb: 39.1%; Rural: 22.2%; *𝜒^2=13.78,; df=2, 𝑃=.001
Oxygen in use at; time of death	Ca: 89.2%; Cv: 91.0%; Resp: 95.8%; AO: 80.8%; *𝜒^2=25.41,; df=3, 𝑃=.000	Younger: 87.0%; Older: 89.7%; 𝜒^2=1.64,; df=1, 𝑃=.200	Male: 89.8%; Female: 88.1%; 𝜒^2=0.83,; df=1, 𝑃=.364	Married: 90.0%; Not: 88.1%; 𝜒^2=0.85,; df=1, 𝑃=.357	Urban: 88.5%; Suburb: 90.6%; Rural: 91.4%; 𝜒^2=1.01,; df=2, 𝑃=.604
Intravenous infusion at time of death	Ca: 86.7%; Cv: 93.2%; Resp: 91.1%; AO: 86.6%; * 𝜒^2=8.22,; df=3, 𝑃=.042	Younger: 90.6%; Older: 88.4%; 𝜒^2=1.01,; df=1, 𝑃=.316	Male: 90.2%; Female: 87.6%; 𝜒^2=1.75,; df=1, 𝑃=.186	Married: 89.7%; Not: 88.3%; 𝜒^2=0.50,; df=1, 𝑃=.478	Urban: 88.3%; Suburb: 90.6%; Rural: 93.8%; 𝜒^2=2.64,; df=2, 𝑃=.267
Had 1+ technologies withdrawn	Ca: 1.4%; Cv: 11.5%; Resp: 10.0%; AO: 9.0%; *𝜒^2=29.37,; df=3, 𝑃=.000	Younger: 10.2%; Older: 5.9%; 𝜒^2=5.52,; df=1, 𝑃=.019	Male: 7.5%; Female: 6.4%; 𝜒^2=0.52,; df=1, 𝑃=.471	Married: 6.3%; Not: 7.6%; 𝜒^2=.72,; df=1, 𝑃=.397	Urban: 5.5%; Suburban: 7.8%; Rural: 20.9%; *𝜒^2=27.43,; df=2, 𝑃=.000
Had pain on last day of life	Ca: 94.6%; Cv: 59.7%; Resp: 71.7%; AO: 70.5%; *𝜒^2=112.220,; df=3, 𝑃=.000	Younger: 82.7%; Older: 75.0%; 𝜒^2=6.643,; df=1, 𝑃=.010	Male: 75.0%; Female: 79.2%; *𝜒^2=2.497,; df=1, 𝑃=.114	Married: 78.6%; Not: 75.6%; 𝜒^2=1.339,; df=1, 𝑃=.247	Urban: 75.2%; Suburb: 82.7%; Rural: 81.5%; 𝜒^2=4.063,; df=2, 𝑃=.131
Analgesic provided; on last day of life	Ca: 94.6%; Cv: 59.4%; Resp: 71.7%; AO: 71.0%; *𝜒^2=112.939,; df=3, 𝑃=.000	Younger: 82.8%; Older: 75.0%; *𝜒^2=6.778,; df=1, 𝑃=.009	Male: 74.8%; Female: 79.4%; 𝜒^2=3.051,; df=1, 𝑃=.081	Married: 78.7%; Not: 75.6%; 𝜒^2=1.381,; df=1, 𝑃=.240	Urban: 75.2%; Suburb: 85.2%; Rural: 82.7%; 𝜒^2=7.861,; df=2, 𝑃=.020

*Ca: Cancer; Cv: Cardiovascular; Resp: Respiratory disease; AO: All other.