A Clinical Update on Delirium: From Early Recognition to Effective Management

Table 4

General assessment of confused patient to identify and treat possible causes.

Physical frailty	Sensory impairment (deafness, visual)
Severe illness	Surgery (e.g., fractured neck of femur)
Dementia	Alcohol withdrawal
Infection	Renal impairment (electrolytes imbalance)
Dehydration	Neurological deficit (e.g., stroke, epilepsy)
Constipation	Glycemic control
Medication (drug toxicity,	Pain
polypharmacy, side effects)