Patient Participation in Surgical Treatment Decision Making from the Patients' Perspective: Validation of an Instrument

Table 3

Distribution of items.

Factors and items	M	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis
(1) Information dissemination
(1) I received written information on the surgical procedure prior to the operation	4.7	2.3	−.61	−1.30
(2) I received oral information on the surgical procedure prior to the operation	5.8	1.5	−.19	3.01
(3) I received general information on the surgical procedure prior to the operation	5.6	1.5	−.15	1.80
(4) I received information on tests and examinations I would undergo during the hospital stay	5.2	1.7	−1.08	.21
(5) I received information on the consequences that surgical treatment could imply	4.7	1.9	−.59	−.94
(6) I received information on the consequences that I could expect when returning home	4.6	2.0	−.56	− 1.03
(7) I received information regarding surgical treatment from a nurse during the hospital stay	4.6	2.0	−.59	−.98
(8) I received information regarding surgical treatment from a physician during the hospital stay	5.3	1.7	−1.27	−.53
(2) Formulation of options
(9) I had the opportunity to choose the timing of the surgical treatment	2.9	1.9	.74	−.63
(10) I was given several options in connection with the surgical treatment	2.7	1.9	.84	−.72
(11) I was given the opportunity to choose my surgeon	2.1	1.5	1.63	1.86
(12) I was given the opportunity to choose anesthesia	2.4	1.8	1.14	.08
(3) Integration of information
(13) I had the opportunity to convey my needs as a patient in connection with surgical treatment	4.9	1.7	−.77	−.34
(14) My needs as a patient in connection with the surgical procedure were taken into consideration	4.9	1.7	−.76	−.30
(15) Enough time was spent on information regarding the surgical procedure	5.2	1.6	−1.02	.19
(16) The doctors’ answers to my questions were clear and understandable	5.6	1.4	−1.53	2.24
(17) The nurses’ answers to my questions were clear and understandable	5.4	1.5	−1.31	1.09
(4) Control
(18) Initiatives in connection with surgical treatment were worked out with my cooperation	4.0	2.0	−.11	−1.30
(19) I was encouraged to participate in decisions regarding surgical treatment	2.9	2.1	.63	−1.07
(20) I took the initiative to actively participate in decisions regarding treatment	3.7	2.1	.04	−1.46