Health Literacy Influences Heart Failure Knowledge Attainment but Not Self-Efficacy for Self-Care or Adherence to Self-Care over Time

Table 3

Health literacy, knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-care scores at baseline and followup overall and by health literacy level.

Group		Heart failure knowledge^a		Self-efficacy^b		Self-care maintenance^b		Self-care management^b
	Assessment	Mean ± SD	Meaning	Mean ± SD	Meaning^c	Mean ± SD	Meaning^c	Mean ± SD	Meaning^c
Overall	Baseline	8.2±2.7	54.7% correct	69.6±19.4	Not adequate	69.5±16.9	Not adequate	64.3±21.5	Not adequate
	2 months	9.3±3.3	62.0% correct	72.2±15.5	Adequate	76.3±14.9	Adequate	73.4±18.5	Adequate
	4 months	9.6±2.4	64.0% correct	75.0±16.0	Adequate	76.3±14.5	Adequate	70.6±19.7	Adequate
Inadequate health literacy	Baseline	5.3±2.4	35.3% correct	64.2±21.9	Not adequate	63.9±21.7	Not adequate	52.9±32.4	Not adequate
	2 months	5.9±2.5	39.3% correct	72.3±16.0	Adequate	69.7±17.9	Not adequate	68.0±20.2	Not adequate
	4 months	7.8±1.7	52.0% correct	82.8±19.4	Adequate	68.9±15.2	Not adequate	68.6±31.5	Not adequate
Marginal health literacy	Baseline	9.0±1.6	60.0% correct	54.5±10.0	Not adequate	63.3±18.6	Not adequate	70.0±22.0	Adequate
	2 months	9.0±2.9	60.0% correct	67.8±10.7	Not adequate	80.0±13.3	Adequate	65.0±35.4	Not adequate
	4 months	8.8±3.8	58.7% correct	66.8±6.7	Not adequate	76.7±10.5	Adequate	62.5±24.7	Not adequate
Adequate health literacy	Baseline	8.8±2.3	58.7% correct	73.0±18.8	Adequate	72.0±15.1	Adequate	66.5±17.8	Not adequate
	2 months	10.2±3.0	68.0% correct	76.3±16.2	Adequate	77.6±14.1	Adequate	76.3±16.6	Adequate
	4 months	10.3±2.1	68.7% correct	74.3±15.8	Adequate	76.3±14.5	Adequate	72.4±13.4	Adequate

aPossible range 0–15.
^bPossible range 0–100.
^cAdequacy, according to the SCHFI, is at scores ≥70.