|
| Study | Analysis method | Sample | Findings |
|
| Uddin et al., 2010 [18] | DNA methylation;
>14,000 genes | 100 individuals from DNHS (PTSD = 23) | PTSD had greater methylation of toll-like receptors 1 and 3, IL-8, and others compared to controls and had a greater overall number of uniquely methylated genes. |
|
| Koenen et al., 2011 [22] | DNA methylation and genotype; SLC6A4 | 100 individuals from DNHS (PTSD = 23) | Neither genotype nor methylation of SLC6A4 was associated with PTSD; however, when controlling with genotype, lower methylation levels were associated with increased risk for developing PTSD among individuals with more traumatic events. |
|
| Ressler et al., 2011 [19] | DNA methylation;
44 SNPs of PACAP and PAC1 | 64 individuals, primarily African American
(PTSD = 24) | An SNP in ADCYAP1R1, rs2267735, predicted PTSD diagnosis and symptoms in women; methylation of this gene was also associated with PTSD. |
|
|
Smith et al., 2011 [23]
| DNA methylation; global and site specific | 110 African Americans
(PTSD = 50) | Global methylation was increased in subjects with PTSD, as compared to control subjects or subjects with a history of childhood trauma; CpG sites in TPR, CLEC9A, APC5, ANXA2, and TLR8 were differentially methylated in subjects with PTSD. |
|
Uddin et al., 2011
[24] | DNA methylation;
33 candidate genes | 100 individuals from DNHS (PTSD = 23) | One candidate gene, MAN2C1, showed significantly higher methylation in subjects with lifetime PTSD. |
|
| Rusiecki et al., 2012 [25] | DNA methylation; LINE-1 and Alu | 150 service members
(PTSD = 75) | LINE-1 was hypomethylated in PTSD versus controls postdeployment and hypermethylated postdeployment versus predeployment in controls; Alu was hypermethylated in PTSD versus controls predeployment. |
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