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ā | Kaplan and Feinstein [5] |
Charlson et al. [7] | Deyo et al. [8] | D'Hoore et al. [9] | Elixhauser et al. [10] |
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Time frame | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 1990s | 1990s |
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Purpose | Classify patients for therapeutic and statistical reasons | Prospectively identify persons at greater risk of death from comorbid diseases | Adapted the CCI for use with administrative datasets | Adapted the CCI for use with administrative datasets | Predict resource use or clinical outcomes |
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Original population | Diabetics | Medical patients Female breast cancer patients | Medicare lumbar spinal surgery patients | Hospitalized patients in Quebec, CAN | Acute care patients in CA |
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Measurement method | Clinician derived from symptom patterns, disease duration, physical exam, and lab tests | Clinician scored from list of weighted diseases Validated against Kaplan and Feinstein [5] | Used ICD-9-CM codes equivalent to diseases in the CCI | Implemented an algorithm to map the ICD-9 codes to CCI components | Developed a set of 30 comorbidities with their ICD-9-CM codes |
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Predictors of comorbidity | Clinical (e.g., vascular or nonvascular diseases) variables | Sociodemographic and clinical variables | Sociodemographic variables and clinical variables | Sociodemographic and clinical variables | Sociodemographic and clinical variables |
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Outcomes assessed | Mortality or vascular complications for those patients who survived | Mortality | Mortality, hospital complications and treatments, discharge destinations | Inpatient mortality | Mortality and fiscal |
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Surrogate terms for comorbidity | Episodic events, disease, ailment, and chronic condition | Common conditions | Chronic conditions | Complications (if iatrogenic) | Clinical condition, preexisting condition |
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