Research Article
Participation in Decision Making as a Property of Complex Adaptive Systems: Developing and Testing a Measure
Table 2
Study II: Organization means, standard deviations, and reliabilities of total PDM scores (
).
| Variable | M | SD | Eta-squared | ICC(1, ) | Alpha |
| PDM—RN measures | | | | | | Operations | 5.58 | 1.04 | 0.14 | 0.66 | 0.94 | Marketing | 6.10 | 1.08 | 0.13 | 0.64 | 0.95 | Core functions | 7.03 | 0.74 | 0.10 | 0.52 | 0.90 | Support functions | 6.65 | 0.78 | 0.11 | 0.56 | 0.90 | PDM—CNA measures | | | | | | Operations | 2.57 | 0.67 | 0.13 | 0.64 | 0.95 | Marketing | 3.02 | 0.73 | 0.12 | 0.60 | 0.94 | Core functions | 3.75 | 0.72 | 0.10 | 0.52 | 0.93 | Support functions | 3.37 | 0.70 | 0.11 | 0.58 | 0.93 | Additional instruments | | | | | | Decentralization | 3.00 | 0.40 | 0.09 | 0.48 | 0.87 | Formalization | 3.80 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.57 | 0.79 | Communication openness | 3.55 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.65 | 0.89 | Communication accuracy | 2.89 | 0.26 | 0.09 | 0.45 | 0.81 |
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