Translating Research into Practice in Low-Resource Countries: Progress in Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission of HIV in Nigeria
Table 2
PMTCT practice items related to determinants of adoption.
Determinants of adoption
Definition
Related PMTCT practice category
Hypothesized outcomes
Relative advantage
The new practice is perceived as better than the one that preceded it
Newborn antiretroviral (ARV) treatment
Adoption of the practice related to newborn ARV treatment is expected to be positive due to presence of ARVs at all sites due to relationship with donor agency
Breastfeeding
Earlier recommendation was the avoidance of breastfeeding. The expectation of the study is that the recommendation to breastfeed is not perceived to be better than avoiding breastfeeding. Adoption is not expected
Compatibility
The practice works well with existing practices and structures
Maternal and newborn ARV treatment
Adoption is expected due to availability of ARVs at all sites
Universal precautions
Adoption of the practice is not expected due to research evidence of limited material resources, including gowns and gloves
Complexity
The practice is simple and well defined
Breastfeeding
Multiple changes in recommendations over the last decade, varying from avoiding breastfeeding to providing breastfeeding. Adoption is not expected
Trialability and observability
The practice is offered in the clinical setting and nurses have opportunities to observe the practice being delivered in their institution
Maternal intrapartum treatment
Due to centralization of HIV treatment in tertiary settings, nurses in primary and secondary settings had no opportunities to trial or observe care of HIV-positive pregnant women. Adoption of the practice is not expected to be implemented in primary and secondary sites