Effects of Father-Neonate Skin-to-Skin Contact on Attachment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

Pretest and posttest FCAS scores and score changes ().

Variable	Intervention	Control
	Exploring
Pretest	3.40 ± 0.59	3.57 ± 0.39	1.45 (.152)
Posttest	3.69 ± 0.32	3.66 ± 0.38	−0.50 (.616)
	3.89 (<.001)	1.83 (.074)
Talking
Pretest	2.95 ± 0.74	3.11 ± 0.66	1.03 (.305)
Posttest	3.42 ± 0.48	3.30 ± 0.64	−0.93 (.357)
	4.67 (<.001)	2.12 (.033)
Touching
Pretest	2.63 ± 1.03	3.02 ± 0.79	1.94 (.056)
Posttest	3.50 ± 0.47	3.21 ± 0.67	−2.31 (.024)
	6.20 (<.001)	2.36 (.023)
Caring
Pretest	2.92 ± 0.81	3.23 ± 0.60	1.98 (.051)
Posttest	3.41 ± 0.50	3.27 ± 0.44	−1.34 (.200)
	4.85 (<.001)	0.54 (.591)
FCAS
Pretest	68.00 ± 16.39	74.17 ± 11.99	1.94 (.056)
Posttest	80.44 ± 7.26	76.98 ± 10.19	−1.76 (.081)
	5.92 (<.001)	2.45 (.020)

Notes: FCAS: Father-Child Attachment Score; compares intragroup differences (pre/posttest) using paired-samples t-tests.
compares intergroup differences (intervention/control) using independent-samples -tests.