Prevalence and Severity of Menopausal Symptoms and the Quality of Life in Middle-aged Women: A Study from Sri Lanka
Table 4
Association between QOL and evaluated categorical (sociodemographic and gynecologic) variables of pre- and postmenopausal women (n=350).
Variable
Premenopausal women (n=184)
Postmenopausal women (n=166)
Subcategory
QOL Mean (SD)
P value
QOL Mean (SD)
P value
Sociodemographic status
Ethnicity
Sinhala
66.81(17.80)
0.98
57.41(18.37)
0.91
Non-Sinhala
66.95(20.37)
58.90(31.08)
Educational status
Primary education
64.32(19.69)
0.20
53.79(20.84)
0.21
Secondary education
65.06(19.53)
57.60(17.83)
Upper secondary education, degree, or diploma
69.51(15.34)
60.33(18.02)
Employment status
Nonemployed
67.07(18.29)
0.78
57.40(18.54)
0.94
Employed
66.28(17.27)
57.63(19.70)
Civil status
Married
67.34(17.90)
0.18
58.59(18.50)
0.18
Others
60.96(17.82)
54.13(19.64)
Monthly income
< 20000.00LKR
64.76(19.15)
0.12
55.17(18.64)
0.007
> 20000.00LKR
68.88(16.48)
64.23(17.95)
Living companion
Husband and Children
66.13(17.35)
0.16
58.13(18.19)
0.81
Husband or Children
62.32(23.25)
55.81(18.04)
Alone or Others
71.65(16.99)
57.22(22.28)
Gynecological and reproductive factors
Parity
None
76.71(15.68)
0.05
60.83(19.88)
0.04#
1-3 children
66.84(17.60)
59.43(17.75)
4-7 children
60.78(19.81)
51.65(19.66)
Mode of delivery
None
76.71(15.68)
0.23
60.83(19.88)
0.39
NVD
66.56(17.65)
55.80(18.74)
LSCS
66.17(18.05)
62.07(16.78)
Both NVD and LSCS
64.05(19.58)
57.51(21.83)
QOL: health related quality of life; NVD: normal vaginal delivery; LSCS: lower segment cesarean section. QOL among the groups was compared with independent sample t-test in the variables with two categories. QOL among the groups was compared with one-way ANOVA test in the variables with three or more categories. #Post hoc analysis with Tukey’s test; the difference was observed between the following groups. None – 4-7 children; p=0.03 1-3 children – 4-7 children; p=0.02
