First-Time Mothers’ Enjoyment of Breastfeeding Correlates with Duration of Breastfeeding, Sense of Coherence, and Parental Couple and Child Relation: A Longitudinal Swedish Cohort Study
Table 3
Results from the Mann–Whitney test between first-time mothers who did and did not breastfeed at different points of time throughout the study.
Q1: breastfeeding during the first two hours after birth
Q1: breastfeeding at the first week after birth
Q2: breastfeeding at six months after birth
Q3: breastfeeding at one year after birth
Z ( value), n breastfeeding/not breastfeeding
Z ( value), n breastfeeding/not breastfeeding
Z ( value), n breastfeeding/not breastfeeding
Z ( value), n breastfeeding/not breastfeeding
MIRF-scale part one: Mother’s perceived relation to the child index (“Enjoyment of breastfeeding” not included)
Q1
−0.45 (0.654), 59/171
−1.15 (0.250), 267/13
−0.50 (0.614), 154/92
−1.30 (0.194), 34/190
Q2
−0.20 (0.842), 50/152
−0.41 (0.682), 237/10
−0.62 (0.534), 166/97
−1.14 (0.253), 35/195
MIRF-scale part one: Mother’s perceived relation to the child index (“Enjoyment of breastfeeding” included)
Q1
−0.66 (0.512), 55/169
−0.11 (0.915), 265/5
−0.20 (0.841), 153/84
−1.45 (0.148), 33/183
Q2
−0.43 (0.664), 34/107
−0.62 (0.538), 166/1
−2.49 (0.013), 165/13
−2.10 (0.036), 34/121
MIRF-scale part two: Mother’s perceived feelings for the child index
Q1
−1.36 (0.174), 56/168
−0.42 (0.674), 260/13
−0.54 (0.589), 149/91
−1.39 (0.164), 33/186
Q2
−0.12 (0.903), 50/152
−1.62 (0.104), 235/10
−0.07 (0.943), 166/95
−2.18 (0.030), 34/195
Mother’s partner’s perceived feelings for the child
Q1
−0.32 (0.751), 52/165
−0.41 (0.683), 252/13
−0.19 (0.848), 144/90
−1.51 (0.131), 31/184
Q2
−0.66 (0.510), 49/151
1.04 (0.300), 232/10
−0.73 (0.463), 162/96
−1.38 (0.166), 34/194
Breastfeeding or not at
Q1: first two hours after birth
−3.31 (0.001), 228/6
−0.34 (0.732), 136/68
Q1 first week after birth
−3.31 (0.001), 59/175
−3.58 (<0.000), 158/91
−1.06 (0.288), 28/158
Q2
−0.34 (0.732), 51/153
−3.58 (<0.000), 239/10
−0.33 (0.741), 34/193
Q3
−1.06 (0.288), 45/141
−0.33 (0.741), 218/9
−4.26 (<0.000), 144/87
−4.23 (<0.000), 35/196
Enjoyment of breastfeeding
Q1
−1.74 (0.082#), 55/175
−1.76 (0.079#), 271/5
−2.17 (0.030), 157/85
−1.60 (0.110), 33/188
Q2
−0.26 (0.791), 34/108
0.00 (1.00), 167/1
−2.78 (0.005), 166/13
−2.72 (0.007), 34/122
Q3
−1.18 (0.239), 14/32
−0.88 (0.376), 55/1
−2.07 (0.038) 46/11
−1.09 (0.278) 36/24
Willingness to breastfeed a possible following child, Q4
−0.64 (0.523), 45/140
−4.75 (<0.000), 215/9
−4.72 (<0.000), 143/85
−2.07 (0.038), 36/201
Has had another child two years after birth, Q4
−1.4 (0.154), 35/111
−0.42 (0.672), 177/7
−0.41 (0.686), 130/56
−2.06 (0.040), 25/150
SOC-13 index
Q1
−0.63 (0.532), 55/169
−0.51 (0.609), 261/12
−0.27 (0.791), 151/89
−0.55 (0.586), 33/187
Q2
−0.43 (0.532), 49/152
−0.78 (0.434), 237/9
−0.03 (0.978), 164/98
−0.18 (0.852), 34/195
Q3
−0.78 (0.436), 44/140
−0.40 (0.687), 216/9
−0.30 (0.762), 142/87
−0.25 (0.803), 36/203
Q4
−0.48 (0.634), 35/110
−0.42 (0.676), 176/7
−0.46 (0.649), 130/55
−0.13 (0.894), 25/149
QDR36 index
Q1
−0.96 (0.338), 41/131
−1.28 (0.201), 203/9
−0.18 (0.855), 119/67
−1.40 (0.163), 25/145
Q2
−0.63 (0.532), 47/149
−0.87 (0.382), 225/9
−0.77 (0.439), 154/95
−0.41 (0.683), 33/186
Q3
−0.48 (0.633), 42/133
−0.87 (0.385), 207/8
−1.22 (0.224), 138/82
−0.88 (0.378), 33/195
Q4
−0.07 (0.945), 33/107
−1.44 (0.149), 169/6
−0.52 (0.603), 123/55
−0.37 (0.710), 23/145
Questionnaires: Q1: first week after birth; Q2: six months after birth; Q3: one year after birth; Q4: two years after birth. Measurements: MIRF-scale part one, item “Enjoyment of breastfeeding” included: Mother’s perceived relation to the child index; MIRF-scale part one, item “Enjoyment of breastfeeding” not included: Mother’s perceived relation to the child index; MIRF-scale part two: Mother’s perceived feelings for the child index; and Mother’s partner’s perceived feelings for the child index. Sense of Coherence (SOC-13); Quality of Dyadic Relationship (QDR36). Values: Z: z-approximation test. values: ;,;n: number of participants.
