Endometrial Cancer: What Is New in Adjuvant and Molecularly Targeted Therapy?

Table 2

Types of endometrial cancer according to the Bokhman model and correlations with clinicopathological and molecular characteristics.

Characteristics	Type I tumors	Type II tumors
Clinicopathological
Incidence	∼80%	∼20%
Age at initial diagnosis	Pre/peri-menopausal	Postmenopausal
Histology	Endometrioid	Non-endometrioid (predominantly serous and clear cell)
Grade	Usually low	Usually high
Premalignant phase	Atypical hyperplasia	Glandular dysplasia (for serous tumours)
Predisposing factors	Obesity, prolonged estrogen exposure
ER, PgR	> 90%	0–31%
Molecular
HER-2/neu (overexpression)	3%	18%
EGFR expression	46%	34%
P53 mutations	5–10%	80–90%
Ploidy	67% diploid	45% diploid
PTEN (loss of function through deletion or mutation)	50–80%	10–11%
P16 inactivation	10%	40%
K-ras (mutational activation)	13–26%	0–10%
E-cadherin (reduced or non expression)	10–20%	62–87%
𝛽-catenin CTNNB1 (gain of function mutation)	25–38%	Rare