Contribution of Primary Pelvic Organ Prolapse to Micturition and Defecation Symptoms
Table 1
Patient’s characteristics.
Characteristics
Study group ()
Control group ()
P value
Age (years), mean (SD) [range]
56.1 (10.4) [35–77]
48.9 (8.1) [37–72]
<0.01
Body Mass Index (BMI), mean (SD) [range]a
25.38 (4.3) [18.4–39.1]
24.0 (4.3) [18.4–41.3]
0.99
Educational level
0.68
Primary school/lower vocational education
22 (34%)
6 (12%)
Secondary school/high school
21 (33%)
23 (46%)
Academic/university
22 (34%)
21 (42%)
Parity
0.04
0
0 (—)
4 (8%)
1
15 (23%)
21 (42%)
2
22 (35%)
16 (32%)
3
15 (23%)
8 (16%)
≥4
12 (19%)
1 (2%)
Overall, mean
2.3
1.6
Type of delivery
0.36
Vaginal delivery, no forceps or vacuum
56 (88%)
40 (80%)
Forceps and/or vacuum
8 (12%)
9 (18%)
Caesarian section only
0 (—)
1 (2%)
Perineal trauma (per patient)
0.52
No perineal trauma
16 (25%)
16 (32%)
Episiotomy or rupture
48 (75%)
34 (68%)
POP-Q points, mean (SD)b
Aa
−0.8 (1.1)
−2.0 (1.2)
Ba
2.2 (2.2)
−1.9 (1.3)
C
−0.2 (4.1)
−5.7 (1.4)
Gh
4.1 (1.1)
2.2 (0.7)
Pb
2.7 (0.7)
2.9 (0.6)
Ap
0.2 (1.4)
−1.6 (1.5)
Bp
0.3 (1.6)
−1.5 (1.5)
TVL
8.1 (1.1)
8.6 (1.1)
POP-Q stage
<0.01
Stage I
0 (—)
24 (48%)
Stage II
17 (27%)
24 (48%)
Stage III
42 (66%)
2 (4%)
Stage IV
5 (8%)
0 (—)
UDI domains, median (IQR)
Prolapse symptoms
33.3 (45.8)
0.0 (0.0)
<0.01
Obstructed voiding
16.7 (33.3)
0.0 (0.0)
<0.01
Overactive bladder
27.8 (30.6)
0.0 (22.2)
<0.01
Discomfort and pain
22.2 (31.9)
5.6 (16.7)
<0.01
Urinary incontinence
13.3 (26.7)
6.6 (13.3)
<0.01
UDI total
127.8 (69.1)
22.2 (35.0)
<0.01
DDI domains, median (IQR)
Constipation
4.7 (17.3)
0.0 (9.5)
0.08
Fecal incontinence
0.0 (13.3)
0.0 (0.0)
0.02
Painful defecation
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.64
Flatus incontinence
16.7 (41.7)
0.0 (33.3)
0.02
DDI total
34.5 (67.4)
21.0 (45.4)
0.03
General health (MOS SF36), mean (SD)
Summary mental health
46.3 (14.6)
50.3 (15.0)
0.42
Summary physical health
48.5 (11.3)
54.3 (11.7)
<0.01
Depression (CES-D)
Clinical depressionc
23 (36%)
13 (26%)
0.52
BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.
aBMI of women in the normal population is 18–24 (body mass index = kg/m2).
bPoint D was not correctly measured in all case and was excluded from the study.
cDefined as a CES-D score ≥16.
