Trimethoprim Use prior to Pregnancy and the Risk of Congenital Malformation: A Register-Based Nationwide Cohort Study
Table 3
Types of major congenital malformations observed.
Type of major malformation
Number of malformations
Odds ratio
Exposed
Unexposed
(95% CI)
Congenital malformations of the nervous system
2 (0.5%)
686 (0.1%)
3.79 (0.94–15.25)
Neural tube defects
1 (0.3%)
234 (0.0%)
5.55 (0.78–39.68)
Congenital malformations of the eye
0 (0%)
586 (0.1%)
Congenital malformations of the ear, face, and neck
0 (0%)
274 (0.1%)
Congenital malformations of the heart
7 (1.7%)
3682 (0.7%)
2.49 (1.18–5.26)
Congenital malformations of the respiratory system
0 (0%)
469 (0.1%)
Orofacial clefts
2 (0.5%)
1036 (0.2%)
2.51 (0.62–10.09)
Congenital malformations of the digestive system
2 (0.5%)
993 (0.2%)
2.62 (0.65–10.52)
Abdominal wall defects
0 (0%)
145 (0.0%)
Congenital malformations of the external genital organs
1 (0.3%)
1442 (0.3%)
0.82 (0.13–6.40)
Congenital malformations of the internal urinary system
1 (0.3%)
1273 (0.2%)
1.02 (0.14–7.25)
Congenital malformations of the limbs
9 (2.2%)
5416 (1.0%)
2.18 (1.13–4.23)
Congenital malformations of the musculoskeletal system
1 (0.3%)
798 (0.2%)
1.62 (0.22–11.60)
Other malformations
1 (0.3%)
662 (0.1%)
1.96 (0.28–13.98)
Teratogenic syndromes with malformations
0 (0%)
38 (0.0%)
Genetic syndromes and microdeletions
1 (0.3%)
315 (0.1%)
4.62 (0.58–29.44)
Chromosomal abnormalities
1 (0.3%)
653 (0.1%)
1.99 (0.28–14.17)
All major congenital malformations
25 (6.2%)
17,465 (3.4%)
1.91 (1.28–2.87)
All minor congenital malformations
18 (4.5%)
11,600 (2.2%)
2.06 (1.28–3.31)
All congenital malformations
40 (10.0%)
27,173 (5.2%)
2.01 (1.45–2.78)
Major congenital malformations among children of mothers exposed to trimethoprim in the 12-week period prior to conception and among unexposed according to the EUROCAT classification system.
