Pelvic Ultrasound Findings in Women with Obstetric Fistula: A Cross-Sectional Study of Cases and Controls
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of 110 Malawian women seeking care at an obstetric fistula center in Lilongwe, Malawi, between December 2012 and June 2014.
Variable
Obstetric fistula (N = 98)
No obstetric fistula (n = 12)
valuea
N (%)
N (%)
Age
0.57
18–24
21 (21.4)
2 (16.7)
—
25–34
47 (48.0)
8 (66.7)
—
35–45
30 (30.6)
2 (16.7)
—
Parity
0.37
1
27 (27.6)
1 (8.3)
—
2-3
38 (38.8)
6 (50.0)
—
≥4
33 (33.7)
5 (41.7)
—
BMIb
0.81
<18.5
8 (9.0)
2 (18.2)
—
18.5–<25.0
54 (71.9)
8 (72.7)
—
25.0–<30.0
11 (12.4)
1 (9.1)
—
≥30
6 (6.7)
0 (0.0)
—
Marital status
0.17
Not married
31 (31.6)
1 (8.3)
—
Married
67 (68.4)
11 (91.7)
—
Education
0.08
None or primary
91 (92.9)
9 (75.0)
—
Secondary or more
7 (7.1)
3 (25.0)
—
Occupation
0.34
Otherc
28 (28.6)
5 (41.7)
—
Peasant farmer
70 (71.4)
7 (58.3)
—
HIV status
0.24
Positive
5 (5.1)
2 (16.7)
—
Negative
84 (85.7)
9 (75.0)
—
Don’t know
9 (9.2)
1 (8.3)
—
aFisher’s exact test; bBMI: body mass index, calculated as kg/m2; c“Other”: unemployed, housewife or caretaker, large or small business owner, casual laborer, other, don’t know. Missing data: BMI n = 10.
