Prevalence and Factors Associated with Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid in a Tertiary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 3

Description of labor and delivery outcome variables of study participants in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, June–August 2018 (n = 606).

Variables	Meconium-stained amniotic fluid		Clear amniotic fluid
	Number	Percent	Number	Percent
Mode of delivery
Spontaneous vaginal delivery	55	36.9	261	57.1
Instrumental delivery	10	6.7	19	4.2
Cesarean section	84	56.4	177	38.7
Newborn sex
Male	77	51.7	239	52.3
Female	72	48.3	218	47.7
Birth weight in kilograms
Less than 2.5	32	21.5	104	22.8
≥2.5	117	78.5	353	77.2
First minute Apgar score
<7	52	34.9	35	7.7
≥7	97	65.1	422	92.3
Fifth-minute Apgar score
0	3	2.0	6	1.3
1–3	0	0	0	0
4–6	11	7.4	6	1.3
≥7	135	90.6	445	97.4
Newborn resuscitated
Yes	72	48.3	41	9.0
No	77	51.7	416	91.0
Newborn intubated
Yes	16	10.7	10	2.2
No	133	89.3	447	97.8
Referral to the NICU
Yes	80	53.7	104	22.8
No	69	46.3	353	77.2
Reason for referral
Low birth weight	6	7.4	31	29.8
Perinatal asphyxia	7	8.6	5	4.8
Meconium aspiration syndrome	45	55.6	0	0
Early-onset neonatal sepsis	12	14.8	22	21.2
Respiratory distress syndrome	4	4.9	10	9.6
Others	7	8.6	36	34.2
Proportion	149	24.9	457	75.4