| | Variables | | Meconium-stained amniotic fluid | COR (95% CI) | value | AOR (95% CI) | value | | Yes, N(%) | No, N(%) |
| | Client educational status | Illiterate | 53 (8.7) | 121 (20.0) | 1.90 (1.14, 3.19) | .015 | 0.88 (0.43, 1.79) | .723 | | ≥Primary school | 96 (15.9) | 210 (34.6) | 1 | | 1 | |
| | Monthly income in Birr | <5000 | 115 (19) | 304 (50.2) | 1.71 (1.11, 2.62) | .015 | 2.03 (1.18, 3.51) | .011 | | ≥5000 | 34 (5.6) | 153 (25.2) | 1 | | 1 | |
| | Parity | Nulliparous | 70 (11.6) | 174 (28.7) | 1 | | | | | ≥ one | 79 (13) | 283 (46.7) | 0.42 (0.24, 0.74) | .003 | 0.62 (0.34, 1.11) | .107 |
| | ANC follow-up | Yes | 138 (22.8) | 439 (72.4) | 1 | | 1 | | | No | 11 (1.8) | 18 (3.0) | 1.94 (0.90, 4.22) | .092 | 0.86 (0.29, 2.52) | .781 |
| | Antepartum complications | Yes | 78 (12.9) | 219 (36.1) | 1.99 (1.19, 3.31) | .009 | 0.70 (0.30, 1.67) | .417 | | No | 71 (11.7) | 238 (39.3) | 1 | | 1 | |
| | Oligohydramnios | Yes | 21 (3.5) | 36 (5.9) | 1.92 (1.10, 3.40) | .026 | 2.53 (1.25, 5.12) | .010 | | No | 128 (21.1) | 421 (69.5) | 1 | | 1 | |
| | Fetal growth restriction | Yes | 17 (2.8) | 32 (5.3) | 2.76 (1.52, 5.01) | .001 | 2.54 (0.88, 7.29) | .085 | | No | 132 (21.8) | 425 (70.1) | 1 | | 1 | |
| | Postterm pregnancy | Yes | 31 (5.1) | 26 (4.3) | 4.34 (2.49, 7.62) | <.001 | 4.54 (2.24, 9.20) | <.001 | | No | 118 (19.5) | 431 (71.1) | | | 1 | |
| | Pregnancy-induced hypertension | Yes | 36 (5.9) | 100 (16.5) | 2.28 (1.51, 3.44) | <.001 | 2.43 (1.45, 4.05) | .001 | | No | 113 (18.6) | 357 (58.9) | 1 | | 1 | |
| | Duration of labor >15 hrs | Yes | 75 (12.4) | 106 (17.5) | 3.36 (2.28, 4.95) | <.001 | 2.83 (1.76, 4.53) | <.001 | | No | 74 (12.2) | 351 (57.9) | 1 | | 1 | |
| | Induction or augmentation | Yes | 36 (5.9) | 77 (12.7) | 1.57 (1.01, 2.46) | .048 | 1.20 (0.67, 2.14) | .543 | | No | 113 (18.6) | 380 (62.7) | 1 | | 1 | |
| | Nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern | Yes | 61 (10.1) | 13 (2.1) | 23.68 (12.47, 44.94) | <.001 | 21.91 (10.96, 43.83) | <.001 | | No | 88 (14.5) | 444 (73.3) | 1 | | 1 | |
| | Previous cesarean scar | Yes | 13 (2.1) | 86 (14.2) | 2.43 (1.31, 4.48) | .005 | 1.05 (0.47, 2.34) | .904 | | No | 136 (22.5) | 371 (61.2) | 1 | | 1 | |
| | Interpregnancy interval <2 years | Yes | 22 (3.6) | 38 (6.3) | 2.84 (1.65, 4.91) | <.001 | 2.24 (1.12, 4.51) | .024 | | No | 127 (21.0) | 419 (69.1) | 1 | | 1 | |
| | Previous history of perinatal death | Yes | 21 (3.5) | 41 (6.8) | 1.67 (0.95, 2.92) | .076 | 1.12 (0.48, 2.59) | .800 | | No | 128 (21.1) | 416 (68.6) | 1 | | 1 | |
| | Maternal anemia | Yes | 25 (4.1) | 46 (7.6) | 1.80 (1.06, 3.05) | .029 | 1.37 (0.66, 2.84) | .398 | | No | 124 (20.5) | 411 (67.8) | 1 | | 1 | |
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