Research Article
The Effect of Educational Intervention on Improvement of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 2
The result of subgroup analysis on the breastfeeding self-efficacy.
| | Subgroups | SMD (95% CI) | No. of study | I2 |
| | Primiparous | 1.21 (0.57–1.86) | 24 | 98.5 | | Multiparous | 1.09 (0.45–1.74) | 16 | 97.6 |
| | Group | 1.48 (0.61–2.35) | 15 | 98.8 | | Individual | 0.99 (0.46–1.52) | 25 | 97.7 |
| | Phone | 0.80 (0.04–1.56) | 21 | 98.3 | | Direct education | 1.57 (1.0–2.14) | 19 | 98.1 |
| | Theory | 2.56 (1.80–3.32) | 11 | 96.9 | | No theory | 0.64 (0.11–1.17) | 29 | 98.3 |
| | Postpartum | 0.08 (−0.48–0.65) | 11 | 96.2 | | Pregnancy | 1.67 (1.08–2.26) | 29 | 98.5 |
| | Hospital | 0.36 (−0.15–0.87) | 21 | 98.0 | | Health center | 2.31 (1.46–3.17) | 19 | 98.2 |
| | Asia | 1.70 (1.21–2.20) | 23 | 97.1 | | Others | 0.46 (−0.30–1.22) | 17 | 98.6 |
| | Higher-quality studies | 0.10 (−0.61–0.81) | 9 | 95.6 | | Lower-quality studies | 1.52 (1.01–2.04) | 31 | 98.0 |
| | At discharge up to 1 week | 1.49 (1.36–1.61) | 9 | 96.9 | | 2 weeks | 1.18 (1.01–1.35) | 7 | 85.6 | | 4 weeks | 0.64 (0.54–0.73) | 13 | 86.5 | | 6 weeks | 0.61 (0.50–0.73) | 4 | 77.4 | | 8 weeks | 0.53 (0.42–0.63) | 16 | 97.8 | | 12 weeks | −0.35 (−0.50–0.21) | 8 | 99.2 | | 16 weeks | 0.87 (0.62–1.13) | 4 | 98.8 | | 24 weeks | 0.93 (0.72–1.14) | 4 | 98.9 |
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