Obstetrics and Gynecology International

Research Article

Performance of Integrated Emergency Surgical Officers at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 3

Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of women overall and by IESO versus physician attendant.


Characteristic	N (%) N = 263	GP/MD 20 (n = 7.6%)	IESO (n = 243, 92.4%)	value

Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics
Age in years, median (IQR)	25 [21, 28]	25 [21.5, 26.5]	25 [21, 28]	0.98^a
Missing	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

Education				0.55^b
Unable to read & write	68 (25.9%)	4 (20.0%)	64 (26.3%)
Read & write only	10 (3.8%)	2 (10.0%)	8 (3.3%)
Primary school	105 (39.9%)	9 (45.0%)	96 (39.5%)
Secondary school	35 (13.3%)	2 (10.0%)	33 (13.6%)
Higher education	45 (17.1%)	3 (15.0%)	42 (17.3%)
Missing	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

Religion				0.05^b
Muslim	34 (12.9%)	0 (0.0%)	34 (14.0%)
Orthodox christian	83 (31.6%)	4 (20.0%)	79 (32.5%)
Catholic christian	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Protestant	146 (55.5%)	16 (80.0%)	130 (53.5%)
Jehovah’s witness	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Missing	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

Relationship status				1.0^b
Single	5 (1.9%)	0 (0.0%)	5 (2.1%)
Not single	257 (97.7%)	20 (100.0%)	237 (97.5%)
Missing	1 (0.4%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.4%)

Woreda				0.22^b
Urban	175 (66.5%)	16 (80.0%)	159 (65.4%)
Rural	88 (33.5%)	4 (20.0%)	84 (34.6%)

Parity				0.11^b
0	116 (44.1%)	5 (25.0%)	111 (45.7%)
1	70 (26.6%)	8 (40.0%)	62 (25.5%)
2	26 (9.9%)	4 (20.0%)	22 (9.0%)
3+	51 (19.4%)	3 (15.0%)	48 (19.8%)
Missing	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

Months since last delivery (parity 1+ n = 147)				0.27^b 0.10^a
<24 months	10 (6.8%)	2 (13.3%)	8 (6.1%)
24+ months	136 (92.5%)	13 (86.7%)	123 (93.2%)
Missing	1 (0.7%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.7%)
Median (IQR)	48 [36, 84]	48 [24, 60]	48 [36, 84]

History of cesarean birth				0.14^b
0	229 (95.4%)	15 (75.0%)	214 (88.1%)
1	30 (3.9%)	5 (25.0%)	25 (10.3%)
2+	4 (0.5%)	0 (0.0%)	4 (1.6%)
Missing	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

HIV+				0.15^b
Yes	2 (0.8%)	1 (5.0%)	1 (0.4%)
No	259 (98.4%)	19 (95.0%)	240 (98.8%)
Missing	2 (0.8%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (0.8%)

Number of prenatal visits				0.08^c 0.88^a
0	9 (2.1%)	0 (0.0%)	9 (3.7%)
<8	238 (91.8%)	20 (100.0%)	218 (89.7%)
8+	16 (5.6%)	0 (0.0%)	16 (6.6%)
Missing	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Median (IQR)	4 [3, 5]	4 [4, 4.5]	4 [3, 5]

Antepartum, labor and delivery characteristics
Onset of labor				0.05^b
Spontaneous	206 (78.3%)	13 (65.0%)	193 (79.4%)
Augmented/Induced	33 (12.6%)	2 (10.0%)	31 (12.8%)
Not applicable	24 (9.1%)	5 (25.0%)	19 (7.8%)
Missing	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

Transferred during labor				0.74^b
No	96 (36.5%)	8 (40.0%)	88 (36.2%)
Yes	167 (63.5%)	12 (60.0%)	155 (63.8%)
Missing	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

Cervical exam on admission				0.48^c 0.82^a
<4 cm (latent labor)	129 (49.1%)	8 (40.0%)	121 (49.8%)
4+ cm (active labor)	117 (44.5%)	10 (50.0%)	107 (44.0%)
Missing or “not done” or “not applicable”	17 (6.5%)	2 (10.0%)	15 (6.2%)
Median (IQR)	3 [2, 7]	4 [2, 8]	3 [2, 7]

Duration of labor				0.19^b
Not applicable	26 (9.9%)	4 (20.0%)	22 (9.1%)
< 12 hours	97 (36.9%)	8 (40.0%)	89 (36.6%)
12–24 hours	112 (42.6%)	8 (40.0%)	104 (42.8%)
24+ hours	28 (10.6%)	0 (0.0%)	28 (11.5%)
Missing	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

Antepartum hemorrhage				0.003^b
No	953 (97.7%)	721 (98.5%)	232 (95.5%)
Yes	21 (2.2%)	10 (1.4%)	11 (4.5%)
Missing	1 (0.1%)	1 (0.1%)	0 (0.0%)

Chorioamnionitis				0.64^b
No	969 (99.4%)	728 (99.5%)	241 (99.2%)
Yes	6 (0.6%)	4 (0.5%)	2 (0.8%)
Missing	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

Antepartum preeclampsia/eclampsia/chronic hypertension				1.0^b
No	251 (95.4%)	19 (95.0%)	232 (95.5%)
Yes	12 (4.6%)	1 (5.0%)	11 (4.5%)
Missing	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

Mode of delivery				<0.001^b
Unassisted vaginal	14 (5.3%)	8 (40.0%)	6 (2.5%)
Forceps-assisted	8 (3.0%)	2 (10.0%)	6 (2.5%)
Vacuum-assisted	8 (3.0%)	0 (0.0%)	8 (3.3%)
Cesarean	232 (88.2%)	10 (50.0%)	222 (91.3%)
Missing	1 (0.4%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.4%)

Gestational age at delivery				0.68^b 0.03^a
Preterm	22 (8.4%)	2 (10.0%)	20 (8.2%)
Term	240 (91.2%)	18 (90.0%)	222 (91.4%)
Missing	1 (0.4%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.4%)
Median (IQR)	39 [38, 40]	38 [38, 40]	39 [38, 40]

Birthweight (grams)				0.14^b 0.57^a
<2500	17 (6.4%)	3 (15.0%)	14 (5.8%)
≥2500	224 (85.2%)	16 (80.0%)	208 (85.6%)
Missing	22 (8.4%)	1 (5.0%)	21 (8.6%)
Median (IQR)	3200 [3000, 3600]	3200 [2700, 3500]	3200 [3000, 3600]

Multiple gestation				1.0^b
Yes	242 (95.2%)	19 (95.0%)	223 (91.8%)
No	21 (4.8%)	1 (5.0%)	20 (8.2%)
Missing	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

Postpartum maternal complications^d
Maternal length of hospitalization median (IQR)	3 [3, 4]	3 [1, 4]	3 [3, 4]	0.02^a
Missing	1 (0.X%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.X%)	0.02^a

Postpartum neonatal complications^e
Neonatal length of hospitalization, median (IQR)	3 [3, 4]	2 [1, 3.5]	3 [3, 4]	0.01^a
Missing	8 (x.0%)	0 (0.0%)	8 (x.0%)	0.01^a

^aKruskall–Wallis test. ^bFisher’s Exact test. ^cChi-squared test. ^dNo difference in postpartum hemorrhage, uterotonic use, maternal postpartum blood transfusion, and maternal postpartum antibiotics. ^eNo difference in bag-and-mask, intranasal oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure, intravenous fluid administration, neonatal antibiotic administration, neonatal blood transfusion, neonate status on day of discharge, neonatal status at birth, and neonatal Apgar score.