Comparison of Urine and Genital Samples for Detecting Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Clinical Patients

Table 3

Agreement between urine samples and genital samples for HPV detection and genotyping.

Study	HPV types	No. of paired genital and urine sample				κ (95% CI)
		Both positive	Genital + urine −	Genital − urine +	Both negative
Female (N = 201)	HR-HPV	74	41	8	78	0.53 (0.416–0.634)
	16/18	30	16	1	154	0.73 (0.610–0.848)
	Other HR	52	28	12	109	0.57 (0.455–0.685)
	LR-HPV^∗	25	21	16	139	0.46 (0.310–0.606)
	6/11	21	14	11	155	0.55 (0.398–0.706)
Male (N = 38)	HR	7	8	1	22	0.46 (0.186–0.736)
	16/18	4	4	0	30	0.61 (0.282–0.942)
	Other HR	4	5	2	27	0.42 (0.077–0.771)
	LR-HPV^∗	12	20	3	3	−0.058 (0–0.146)
	6/11	13	14	1	10	0.29 (0.065–0.513)

^∗LR-HPV included HPV6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 53, 66, and 81.