Impact of Introducing PROMPT on Permanent Brachial Plexus Injury and Tears III°/IV° in Shoulder Dystocia: The Hanover Cohort Study

Table 4

Perineal tears III°/IV°, episiotomies, and vaginal operative deliveries (mothers).

	Group		value
	1	2
Perineal tears III°/IV° (general population)	92/18,031 (0.5%)	39/4,609 (0.85%)	0.007
Perineal tears (III°/IV°)/shoulder dystocia	1/48 (2.1%)	1/23 (4.3%)	0.5
Episiotomies	5,267/18,031 (29.2%)	836/4,609 (18.1%)	<0.001
Vaginal operative deliveries	1,178/18,031 (6.5%)	324/4,609 (7.0%)	0.23
Perineal tears III°/IV°, excluding vaginal operative deliveries	71/16,853 (0.42%)	26/4,285 (0.6%)	0.1
Perineal tears III°/IV°, following vaginal operative deliveries	21/1,178 (1.8%)	13/324 (4.0%)	0.017

Significance at . The bold values highlight the “statistically significant” findings.