Characteristics of Serum Lipid Metabolism among Women Complicated with Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Mainland China
Table 1
Baseline and clinical characteristics of enrolled women with HDPs.
Parameters
Total HDPs (n = 1880)
PE (n = 983)
GH (n = 676)
CH (n = 221)
Age (years), mean ± SD
32.86 ± 4.45
32.72 ± 4.34
32.68 ± 4.46
34.02 ± 4.78
<0.001
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)a, mean ± SD
23.85 ± 4.25
23.62 ± 3.95
23.38 ± 3.91
26.38 ± 5.55
<0.001
Antenatal BMI (kg/m2)b, mean ± SD
29.03 ± 4.08
29.08 ± 3.88
28.58 ± 3.96
30.17 ± 5.00
<0.001
Educational level, n (%)
<0.001
High (bachelor or above)
552 (29.36)
254 (25.84)
225 (33.28)
73 (33.03)
Low (high school or below)
154 (8.19)
74 (7.53)
49 (7.25)
31 (14.03)
Unknown
1174 (62.45)
655 (66.63)
402 (59.47)
117 (52.94)
ABO, n (%)
0.388
A
495 (26.33)
272 (27.67)
169 (25.00)
54 (24.43)
AB
138 (7.34)
79 (8.04)
43 (6.36)
16 (7.24)
B
459 (24.42)
222 (22.58)
177 (26.18)
60 (27.15)
O
489 (26.01)
247 (25.13)
179 (26.48)
63 (28.51)
Unknown
299 (15.90)
163 (16.58)
108 (15.98)
28 (12.67)
Rh, n (%)
0.007
Rh (−)
11 (0.59)
3 (0.31)
3 (0.44)
5 (2.26)
Rh (+)
1598 (85.00)
840 (85.45)
568 (84.03)
190 (85.97)
Unknown
271 (14.41)
140 (14.24)
105 (15.53)
26 (11.77)
History of PE, n (%)
0.008
Ex-PE
14 (0.75)
5 (0.51)
3 (0.44)
6 (2.71)
Non-PE
1862 (99.04)
976 (99.29)
671 (99.26)
215 (97.29)
Unknown
4 (0.21)
2 (0.20)
2 (0.30)
0 (0.00)
History of alcohol, n (%)
0.091
Nondrinker
1874 (99.68)
979 (99.59)
676 (100.00)
219 (99.10)
Drinker
6 (0.32)
4 (0.41)
0 (0.00)
2 (0.90)
Smoking history, n (%)
0.091
Nonsmoker
1874 (99.68)
979 (99.59)
676 (100.00)
219 (99.10)
Smoker
6 (0.32)
4 (0.41)
0 (0.00)
2 (0.90)
Delivery history, n (%)
0.421
No
102 (5.43)
54 (5.49)
40 (5.92)
8 (3.62)
Yes
1778 (94.57)
929 (94.51)
636 (94.08)
213 (96.38)
Systolic BP (mmHg)c, mean ± SD
163.78 ± 16.89
164.90 ± 16.09
160.89 ± 17.50
166.05 ± 18.64
0.356
Diastolic BP (mmHg)d, mean ± SD
102.00 ± 11.09
101.78 ± 9.16
100.91 ± 13.05
105.63 ± 13.19
0.285
Proteinuria (g/24 h)e, mean ± SD
1.02 ± 1.71
1.34 ± 1.96
0.41 ± 0.84
0.65 ± 1.13
<0.001
APS, n (%)
0.146
No
1870 (99.47)
980 (99.69)
672 (99.41)
218 (98.64)
Yes
10 (0.53)
3 (0.31)
4 (0.59)
3 (1.36)
GDM, n (%)
<0.001
No
1536 (81.70)
826 (84.03)
554 (81.95)
156 (70.59)
Yes
344 (18.30)
157 (15.97)
122 (18.05)
65 (29.41)
Postpartum hemorrhage, n (%)
0.006
No
1764 (93.83)
906 (92.17)
645 (95.41)
213 (96.38)
Yes
116 (6.17)
77 (7.83)
31 (4.59)
8 (3.62)
Placental abruption, n (%)
0.145
No
1862 (99.04)
970 (98.68)
671 (99.26)
221 (100.00)
Yes
18 (0.96)
13 (1.32)
5 (0.74)
0 (0.00)
Mode of delivery, n (%)
<0.001
Transvaginal delivery
927 (49.31)
464 (47.20)
382 (56.51)
81 (36.65)
Cesarean section
953 (50.69)
519 (52.80)
294 (43.49)
140 (63.35)
Weeks of gestation at delivery (weeks)f, mean ± SD
38.37 ± 1.85
38.17 ± 1.91
39.00 ± 1.52
37.53 ± 1.89
<0.001
Placental weight (g)g, mean ± SD
514.66 ± 148.02
513.53 ± 157.57
523.71 ± 143.71
495.51 ± 121.30
0.121
Newborn birth length (cm)h, mean ± SD
49.33 ± 2.80
49.19 ± 2.47
49.70 ± 2.59
48.90 ± 4.15
0.001
Newborn birthweight (g)i, mean ± SD
3160.67 ± 570.53
3122.02 ± 610.06
3271.73 ± 482.88
2993.65 ± 574.10
<0.001
Newborn sex, n (%)
0.257
Female
941 (50.05)
504 (51.27)
324 (47.93)
113 (51.13)
Male
937 (49.84)
479 (48.73)
350 (51.77)
108 (48.87)
Unknown
2 (0.11)
0 (0.00)
2 (0.30)
0 (0.00)
Apgar score-1 min, n (%)
0.002
≤7
40 (2.13)
27 (2.75)
7 (1.03)
6 (2.71)
8-9
1371 (72.92)
707 (71.92)
484 (71.60)
180 (81.45)
Unknown
469 (24.95)
249 (25.33)
185 (27.37)
35 (15.84)
Apgar score-5 min, n (%)
0.012
≤7
5 (0.27)
3 (0.31)
1 (0.15)
1 (0.45)
8-9
1405 (74.73)
731 (74.36)
489 (72.34)
185 (83.71)
Unknown
470 (25.00)
249 (25.33)
186 (27.51)
35 (15.84)
Neonatal distress, n (%)
0.011
No
1857 (98.78)
964 (98.07)
674 (99.70)
219 (99.10)
Yes
23 (1.22)
19 (1.93)
2 (0.30)
2 (0.90)
Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or count N (%). was considered statistically significant. HDP: hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, PE: preeclampsia, GH: gestational hypertension, CH: chronic hypertension, BMI: body mass index, Rh: rhesus macacus, BP: blood pressure, APS: antiphospholipid syndrome, GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus, and Apgar: activity, pulse, grimace, appearance, and respiration. a: n = 1863, missing data for n = 17; b: n = 1803, missing data for n = 77; c: n = 148, missing data for n = 1732; d: n = 148, missing data for n = 1732; e: n = 1115, missing data for n = 765; f: n = 979, missing data for n = 901; g: n = 1118, missing data for n = 762; h: n = 1288, missing data for n = 592; i: n = 1872, missing data for n = 8.
