Mechanism of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegeneration

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of main producers of ROS and antioxidant system in neurons and glia. Main ROS producers are shown in red: monoamine oxidase (MAO), complex I and III are major sources within mitochondria. ROS generated in mitochondria target the permeability transition pore (PTP), PARP, and mitochondrial DNA. In the cytosol, NADPH oxidase (NOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) are the main producers of ROS. The major antioxidant systems are shown in green and include superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the mitochondria, glutathione (GSH), catalase (C), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).