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| Reference | Polyphenol | Treatment | Model | Effect on mental health/behavior | Proposed molecular mechanism(s) |
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| An et al. 2008 [39] | Flavanoids | XBXT-2 (25 or 50 mg/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) | Sprague Dawley rats submitted to chronic stress | Antidepressant-like effect | Increased neurogenesis and expression of hippocampal BDNF and pCREBas one of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant action of XBXT-2 |
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| Duffy et al. 2008 [42] | Blueberry | 2% blueberry extract versus control diet over 8 weeks | Fischer-344 rats submitted to kainate-induced learning impairment | Blueberry diet reduced memory impairment
Less loss of CA1 pyramidal neurons | Possible involvement of MAPK |
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| van Praag et al. 2007 [43] | Flavanoids (‒) epicatechin | (‒) epicatechin diet ad libitum versus control ad libitum | C57/Bl6 mice (runner versus non-runner) | (‒) epicatechin improved memory in Morris water maze especially in combination with exercise | Increase of angiogenesis and spine density |
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| Messaoudi et al. 2008 [48] | Cocoa | Effective doses of cocoa: 24 mg/kg/14 days and 48 mg/kg/14 days | Wistar rats | Antidepressant- like effects measured in the Forced swimming test | Reversal of oxidative damage |
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| Sathyapalan et al. 2010 [49] | Cocoa | High cocoa liquor/polyphenol rich chocolate diet or cocoa liquor free/low polyphenol diet for 8 weeks | Human fatigue syndrome patients | Chalder Fatigue Scale score improved significantly after 8 weeks of the HCL/PR diet | |
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| Xu et al. 2005 [50] | Curcumin | Curcumin (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg), or moclobemide (20 mg/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) | ICR mice | Curcumin also significantly inhibited immobility in FST | Antidepressant-like effects of curcumin may involve the central monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems |
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| Xu et al. 2010 [51] | Trans-Reservatrol | t rans-Resveratrol (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg, via gavage)moclobemide (20 mg/kg, i.g.), imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) | ICR mice | Decreased the immobility time in mouse models of despair | Antidepressant-like effect of trans-resveratrol might be related to serotonergic and noradrenergic activation |
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| Zhu et al. 2011[52] | Green tea/epigallocatechin | Orally administered green tea polyphenols (GTP; 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) for 7 days
Forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) 60 min after the last GTP administration | ICR mice | Antidepressive- like effects | May involve inhibition of HPA axis; possibility that chronic GTP treatment can reduce HPA axis hyperactivity in response to stress |
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| Xu et al. 2009 [53] | Curcumin | Curcumin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) or imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) | Sprague-Dawley rats submitted to chronic stress | Curcumin reversed impaired spatial memory under conditions of chronic stress | Normalizing corticosterone levels and downregulating pCaMKII and glutamate receptor levels |
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| Assunção et al. 2011 [58] | Green tea/epigallocatechin | 19-month-old rats were fed with GT since age of 12 months | Wistar rats | Spatial learning abilities of GT-treated rats were significantly improved | Scavenging of free radicals |
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| Xu et al. 2010 [61] | Green tea/epigallocatechin | GT polyphenols were administered orally to rats from 4 to 8 weeks after experimentally induced cerebral hypoperfusion (400 mg/kg per day or 100 mg/kg) | Wistar rats | Inhibited cognitive impairment
Improved spatial learning and memory deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion | Free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties of GT polyphenols |
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| Bouayed et al. 200 [67] | Chlorogenic acid (Mirabelle) | 20 mg/kg | Mouse model of anxiety | Decreased in anxiety-related behaviours | Anxiety is reduced by activation of the benzodiazepine receptor |
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| Vignes et al. 2006 [68] | Green tea/epigallocatechin | Acute administration—drugs injected intraperitoneally in a volume of 100 μL per 20 g of body weight | Swiss OF1 mice | Anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus maze and passive avoidance tests | Anxiolytic effect could result from an interaction of the given polyphenols with GABAA receptors |
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| Barros et al. 2006 [69] | Vaccinium berries | Water with berry extract over 30 days (0.6–1.0 mg/kg/day or 2.6–3.2 mg/kg/day) | Swiss mice | Decreased DNA damage in hippocampal tissue
Anxiolytic effect in open-field test | Protective effect against free radical-induced DNA damage in the brain |
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Hou et al. 2010 [70] |
Flavanols (Gingko biloba extract) | In vivo: 50 mg/kg per day for 4 months | In vivo: APPswe/P1D9 transgenic mice and wildtype | In vivo: increased levels of BDNF in hippocampus; anti-depressant effects in wt mice |
Increase in BDNF and glutamate-evoked activation of pCREB |
| In vitro: 24 h incubation | In vitro: primary neuronal cells | In vitro: flavonols dose-dependently restored BDNF expression compared to vehicle control; increase of pCREB through glutamate-evoked activation |
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| Chen et al. 2010 [71] | Green tea/epigallocatechin | GTEs and EGCG 0.1 g/d | Wistar rats | Improved the cognitive impairments induced by stress | Involved with changes in plasma levels of catecholamines, 5-hydroxytryptamine, cytokines and expression of metallothioneins |
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| Singal et al. 2004 [72] | Green tea/epigallocatechin | 1. 50 μg i.p. of endotoxin LPS in 250 μL of pyrogen-freesaline
2. Green Tea Extract (GTE - 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) | Albino laca mice | Reversal of LPS-induced immobility | COX-2 inhibition by GTE |
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Sanmukhani et al. 2011 [73] | Curcumin | Acute study: treatment 24, 5, and1 h before test: curcumin 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, vehicle, fluoxetine, and imipramine control | Acute study: Swiss albino mice |
Antidepressant-like effects in FST and TST at 100 mg/kg in acute and chronic study |
Increases neural levels of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine possibly via inhibition of MOA activity |
| Chronic study: treatment for 14 days, same doses as in acute | Chronic study: Wistar rats | | |
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| Xu et al. 2006 [74] | Curcumin | Curcumin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) or imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) | Sprague–Dawley rats submitted to chronic stress | Curcumin reversed the effects of chronic stress on behaviour | Effects of curcumin on the behavioural deficits induced by chronic stress may be related to modulating effects on the HPA axis; increased in BDNF and pCREB proteins in specific brain regions may also be related |
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| Wu et al. 2006 [75] | Curcumin | Diet with and w/o curcumin (500 ppm) for 4 weeks | Sprague-Dawley rats submitted to fluid percussion injury | Curcumin-fed injured animals had lower levels of oxidized proteins and counteracted cognitive impairment | Modulation of BDNF-system which acts on CREB and synapsin |
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