Combination Therapy with Losartan and Pioglitazone Additively Reduces Renal Oxidative and Nitrative Stress Induced by Chronic High Fat, Sucrose, and Sodium Intake

Table 1

Comparison of physiological indices in different experimental groups.

Groups	BW gain (g)	Obesity index	LN insulin; (m IU/mL)	HOMA-ISI	24 h UAE (𝜇g/100 g BW)
Control	246.7±30.6	315.9±15.8	3.54±0.26	0.054±0.009	2.45±0.53
Model	353.4±29.4^†	347.0±7.3^†	4.38±0.18^†	0.039±0.005^†	6.14±0.89^†
Losartan (L)	360.2±62.8^†	347.2±9.4^†	4.44±0.17^†#	0.037±0.007^†#	4.45±0.85^*†#
Pioglitazone (P)	368.8±30.7^†	342.9±13.1^†	3.88±0.33 *	0.051±0.006 *	4.20±0.70^*†#
Combination (L + P)	365.3±46.5^†	345.8±17.7^†	4.05±0.20^†*	0.051±0.011 *	3.35±0.55^*†

Values are expressed as mean ± SD, 𝑛 = 6-7 per group. *𝑃<0.05 versus model group. ^†𝑃<0.05 versus control group. ^#𝑃<0.05 versus L + P group. Body weight (BW) gain was calculated by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight. Obesity index was calculated as the cubic root of BW (g) divided by body length (cm) × 10³. LN insulin: natural logarithm-transformed insulin; HOMA-ISI: homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity index.