Review Article
The Hypoxic Testicle: Physiology and Pathophysiology
Table 2
Pharmacological approaches that modify testicular and sperm functional parameters in varicocele.
| Treatment | Mechanism | Result versus injury | Reference |
| Polydeoxyribonucleotides | Adenosine A2A-receptor stimulator | ▼ Histological changes produced by varicocele ▲ Microvessels | [44] | Aminoguanidine | Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor | Prevents sperm DNA fragmentation | [45] | Aminoguanidine | Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor | ▲Sperm vitality, motility, and morphology | [45] | EGF | Growth factor | ▲ Sperm count and motility | [46] | Melatonin | Antioxidant, hormone | ▼ MDA and Bax levels ▲ CAT, SOD, and GPx activities | [47] |
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CAT: catalase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GSH: glutathione; SOD: superoxide dismutase.
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