Astragaloside IV Inhibits Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening by Inactivating GSK-3 via Nitric Oxide in H9c2 Cardiac Cells
Figure 4
Confocal fluorescence images of TMRE at baseline and 20 min after exposure to H2O2 in cardiac H9c2 cells. (a) The effect of astragaloside IV (50 μM) on the oxidant-induced mPTP opening was reversed by LY294002 (10 μM), the potent and selective inhibitor of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase ODQ, (5 μM), and the specific PKG inhibitor KT5823 (1 μM). (b) Summarized data for TMRE fluorescence intensity measured with confocal microscopy 20 min after exposure to H2O2 expressed as a percentage of baseline in cardiac H9c2 cells. Data are mean ± SD for 6 independent experiments performed in duplicate. * compared to control group; # compared to astragaloside IV (ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test).
