Astragaloside IV Inhibits Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening by Inactivating GSK-3𝛽 via Nitric Oxide in H9c2 Cardiac Cells

Figure 5

Western blotting analyses of GSK-3β at Ser⁹ and VASP at Ser²³⁹ phosphorylation in H9c2 cells. Astragaloside IV (50 μM) increased GSK-3β and VASP phosphorylation, the effect that was reversed by the potent and selective inhibitor of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase ODQ (5 μM) and the specific inhibitor of PKG KT5823 (1 μM). Data are mean ± SD for 6 independent experiments performed in duplicate. *𝑃<0.05 compared to control group; ^#𝑃<0.05 compared to astragaloside IV (ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test).