Dual Phases of Respiration Chain Defect-Augmented mROS-Mediated mCa²⁺ Stress during Oxidative Insult in Normal and ρ⁰ RBA1 Astrocytes

Figure 5

Dual-phase change in mROS and mROS-dependent mCa²⁺ formation during H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in normal and ρ ⁰ RBA1 astrocytes. (a) ROS generation detected by DCF. (b) mCa²⁺ detected by Rhod-2. It should be noted that mROS formation and mROS-dependent mCa²⁺ concentration in control cells was higher than ρ ⁰ astrocytes during the early stage of H₂O₂ exposure. However, mitochondrial stress of mROS and mROS-dependent mCa²⁺ stress were significantly higher in ρ ⁰ astrocytes than control during long-term H₂O₂ exposure.

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