The Risk of Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Complications in Obesity May Be Masked by an Apparent Healthy Status of Normal Blood Glucose

Figure 2

Effects of the HO inducer, hemin and the HO inhibitor, SnMP on endothelin-1, ANP, MCP-1, MIP1-𝛼, and TNF-𝛼 in left-ventricular tissue from ZLs and ZFs. Hemin therapy: (a) reduced endothelin-1, (b) attenuated 8-isoprostane, (c) increased ANP, (d) suppressed MCP-1, (d) abated MIP-1𝛼, and (f) reduced TNF-𝛼, whereas SnMP abolished the hemin effects. Bars represent means ± SEM; 𝑛=6 rats per group (*𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01 versus ZL control; ^†𝑃<0.05, ^††𝑃<0.01 versus ZL control; ^@𝑃<0.01 versus ZF+hemin+SnMP or ZF control).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)