The Risk of Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Complications in Obesity May Be Masked by an Apparent Healthy Status of Normal Blood Glucose

Table 2

Effect of hemin therapy on hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters.

Parameters	Experimental groups			𝑃 value		Effect of hemin; on ZF
	ZF	ZL	ZF + hemin	ZF; versus ZL	ZF versus; ZF + hemin
Arterial systolic pressure (mmHg)	153±5.2	124±3.4^#	134±6.3^∗	0.001	0.018	Reduced by 12.4%
Arterial diastolic pressure (mmHg)	109±3.2	92±2.5^#	96±4.7^∗	0.003	0.024	Reduced by 11.9%
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	123±3.8	102±2.7^#	109±5.2^∗	0.002	0.022	Reduced by 11.4%
Total peripheral resistances (mmHg·min/mL)	1.7±0.1	1.4±0.1	1.4±0.1	0.060	0.080	Reduced by 17.6%
LV developed pressure (mmHg)	161±4.1	136±8.0^#	140±5.8^∗	0.012	0.030	Reduced by 13.0%
+dp/dt(max) (mmHg/sec)	3634±127	3050±200^#	3050±169^∗	0.027	0.027	Reduced by 16.1%
Heart rate (beats/min)	328±9.2	331±7.2	289±14.2^∗	0.814	0.020	Reduced by 11.9%
LV diastolic wall thickness (mm)	2.7±0.1	1.7±0.1^#	1.8±0.1^∗	0.0001	0.0001	Reduced by 33.3%
LV systolic wall thickness (mm)	3.2±0.1	2.1±0.1^#	2.7±0.1^∗	0.0001	0.007	Reduced by 15.6%
LV end diastolic volume (mL)	0.33±0.01	0.40±0.04	0.38±0.02	0.075	0.169	Increased by 15.2%
LV end systolic volume (mL)	0.11±0.01	0.16±0.01^#	0.14±0.01	0.001	0.089	Increased by 27.3%
Stroke volume (mL)	0.22±0.01	0.24±0.02	0.25±0.02	0.564	0.311	Increased by 13.6%
Cardiac output (mL/min)	72.8±3.6	78.9±9.0	81.8±9.8	0.519	0.412	Increased by 12.4%

Values for each echocardiography and hemodynamic endpoint were averaged for each rat and the mean values used in statistical analyses, with 𝑛: number of rats. Differences among treatment groups were compared using 1-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s Least Square Difference (LSD) posteriori tests. Differences of 𝑃<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Values are means ± SE; 𝑛=6 per group. ^∗𝑃<0.05 versus control ZF rats, ^#𝑃<0.05 versus control ZL rats.
LV: left ventricle; +dp/dt_(max), maximal rate of increase in left ventricular pressure.