Isoprostanes and 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal: Markers or Mediators of Disease? Focus on Rett Syndrome as a Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Figure 1

Different classes of isoprostanes (F₂-dihomo-IsoPs, F₂-IsoPs, and F₄-NeuroPs), deriving from polyunsaturated fatty acids precursors (adrenic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids, resp.), and the 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein adducts are strictly related to the clinical manifestations and the natural history of Rett syndrome. The lipid peroxidation events and the disease pathogenic mechanisms are closely interrelated, as demonstrated by the dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs. RTT: Rett syndrome; F₂-dihomo-IsoPs: F₂-dihomo-isoprostanes; F₂-IsoPs: F₂-isoprostanes; F₄-NeuroPs: F₄-neuroprostanes; 4-HNE: 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; and PUFAs: polyunsaturated fatty acids.