DNA Damage in Inflammation-Related Carcinogenesis and Cancer Stem Cells

Table 1

Possible markers for cancer stem cells in inflammation-related cancer.

Etiologic agent/pathologic condition		Associated cancer	Detection of 8-nitroguanine	Possible markers for cancer stem cells related to each cause [references]
Parasites	SH	Bladder cancer	Patients [10, 11]	Oct3/4 (patients with SH) [10]
				CD44v6 (patients without SH) [11]
	OV	Cholangiocarcinoma	Hamsters [12–15]	—
			Patients [16, 17]	CD133, Oct3/4 [17]
Viruses	HCV,	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Patients with HCV [18]	CK19 [19]
	HBV		Mice with HBV [DN]	Nanog, CD133 [20]
	HPV	Cervical carcinoma	Patients [21]	CK17 [22, 23]
				CD44 (HPV16) [24]
				Oct3/4 (HPV16) [25]
	EBV	Nasopharyngeal carcinoma	Patients [26]	LMP2A ([27] and a lot)
				LMP1, Bmi-1 [28]
Bacteria	HP	Gastric cancer	Patients [29, 30]	SALL4, KLF5 [31]
				KLF5 [32]
				LgR5 [33]
Inflammatory diseases	IBD	Colorectal cancer	Mice [34]	—
	LP	Oral squamous cell carcinoma	Patients [35]	Bmi-1 [36]
				KRT15 [37]
	BE	Barrett’s esophageal adenocarcinoma	Patients [38]	Oct3/4 [39]
				CD133 [40]
				Musashi-1 [41]
Others	Asbestos	Mesothelioma, lung carcinoma	Mice [42]	—

SH: Schistosoma haematobium, OV: Opisthorchis viverrini, HCV: hepatitis C virus, HBV: hepatitis B virus, HPV: human papillomavirus, EBV: Epstein-Barr virus, HP: Helicobacter pylori, IBD: inflammatory bowel diseases, LP: lichen planus, BE: Barrett’s esophagus, DN: data not shown.